Question

Which of the following is not a fat-burning adaptation due to aerobic training? O A. Lesser # and density of capillaries B. Improved transport of FFA into and within skeletal muscle OC. Increase in size and # of mitochondria D. Increase in amount of aerobic enzymes in Kreb's Cycle and ETC QUESTION 58 Which is true about maximal cardiac output? O A. About the same for aerobically-trained and untrained B. Greater for aerobically-trained than untrained C. Greater for untrained than aerobically-trained D.None of the above

Answer 1

A.

Adaptations to endurance traininginclude an increase in FAA movement from triglycerides storage into the cell for fat (beta-) oxidation, and for the burning of carbohydrates via aerobicpathways. There is also an increase in the volume of cellular mitochondria present in the muscle fibers.

Training adaptations relating to an increase in fat metabolism are beneficial to individuals and athletes alike. This is because an increase in fat metabolism during exercise will enhance endurance and performance. When the body utilizes more fat as fuel, carbohydrates and glycogen (of which we have a limited amount) are spared (Mazzeo). This is significant because carbohydrate depletion associates with fatigueand decreased performance during exercise. By adapting skeletal muscle to use more fat, ATP is produced via a more effective pathway (meaning more ATP is produced).

The training adaptations in response to endurance training link to an increase in fat metabolism. A training adaptation is a physiological change in which a part (or parts) of the body undergoes a change in response to consistent long-term stimuli. Endurance training, also known as aerobic (oxygen dependent) exercise, consists of physical activity which stimulates the heart, lungs, and circulatory system (AHA, 2017). Walking, jogging, swimming, and cycling are all forms of aerobic exercise. These help lower the chance of chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease.

Endurance Training:

Engaging in regular endurance training (aerobic exercise) for weeks to months will result in training adaptations related to an increase in fat metabolism. This is because the body is constantly challenged to sustain low to medium intensity exercise for long periods of time. The body will respond by producing ATP via pathways which are more effective and that spare carbohydrates to delay fatigue.

Adaptations to endurance training include an increase in FAA movement from triglycerides storage into the cell for fat (beta-) oxidation, and for the burning of carbohydrates via aerobic pathways. There is also an increase in the volume of cellular mitochondria present in the muscle fibers. Mitochondria are the cell organs responsible for energy harvesting reactions. An increase in mitochondria means an increase in ATP via beta-oxidation of fats and aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate.

Carbohydrate sparing is significant for lengthening athletic performance. By burning carbohydrates via the aerobic pathway, the body is generating 16 times more ATP than it would via the anaerobic pathway (38:2 ATP ration). As the body uses carbs more effectively, athletic performance increases.

Being able to use more fat to fuel exercise is also significant. There is a massive reserve of fat in the body. By tapping into this reserve a person can exercise for longer. The increase in the mitochondrial number found in muscle cells represents an increase in the body’s ability to burn fat and sustain endurance exercise.

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