Question

Describe the epidemiological triangle of causation model and how an outbreak of an infectious disease can be mitigated.

Answer 1

1 it is a classical model used in epidemiology to explain the occurence of infectious disease and non communicable disease.An epidemiological triangle describe etiology of infectious disease ;agent,host and environment. Agent,host and environment helps in the development of interventions taking into account epidemiological constants.An agent is any type of thing that when it is present/excess/deficient .Host is the person/living thing that is susceptible to infection i.e.age,sex,race,genetic profile,previous disease,religion,customs ,occupation.Environment is where agent can survive and be transmitted i.e temperature/humidity,crowding,housing,water,milk,radiation,noise.

The leading cause of death leading to communicable diseases in  low income are lower respiratory disease,diarrheal disease,HIV /AIDS,Malaria,TB and neonatal infections.In middle income lower respiratory disease,diarrheal disease,HIV/AIDS,TB.In high income lower respiratory disease.Nurses can play a significant role in epidemiology and control of communicable disease.This can be done by

• Monitoring and surveillance.
• Participating in outbreak investigation.
• Case finding
• Instituting/Assuring appropriate isolation measures.
• Wearing and supervision of personal protective equipment.
• Screening for infectious disease.
• Through community outreach,public health information,vaccination and information.