Question

Question 1 5 pts The chapter stated, "The energy needs of typical infants are higher per pound of body weight than at any other time of life." Discuss the energy and macronutrient need recommendations from birth through 12 months.

Answer 1

Nutrition is essential for the growth and development of infants.Food can influence the health and growth of infants.

For growth and development of infant should obtain adequate amount of nutrients of appropriate quantities and nutritious food.Infancy is the period of rapid growth and macronutrient required per pound of body weight is proportionally higher of their entire life cycle.

Energy:

Infants need energy for activity,growth and normal development.Energy that comes from the food containing al the nutrient material like carbohydrates,fats and protein.The number of calories needed per unit of weight can be mentioned in energy.A calories can be defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the 1 degree Celsius for 1 kilogram of water.Infant energy depend on body size,metabolic rate,size at birth,age,health condition and growth rate.

Estimated energy intake:

Males

Age(months)	Reference weight (kg)	Reference length (cm)	Estimated energy requirement (kcal/ day)
1	4.4	54.7	472
2	5.3	58.2	567
3	6.0	60	572
4	6.7	62	548
5	7.2	65.2	596
6	7.8	67.0	645
7	8.4	68.7	668
8	8.7	70.2	710
9	9.3	71.6	746
10	9.7	73	792
11	10	74	816
12	10.2	75.5	844

Females:

Age(months)	Reference weight(kg)	Reference length(cm)	Energy requirement(kcal/day)
1	4.2	53.5	438
2	4.9	56.7	500
3	5.5	59.0	521
4	6.0	61.5	508
5	6.6	63.5	553
6	7.2	65.3	593
7	7.6	66.0	608
8	8.0	68.6	643
9	8.5	68.4	678
10	8.8	67.0	716
11	9.2	71.5	740
12	9.5	72.6	766

Macronutrients:

Macronutients are the large amount substances used for energy,growth and function.They are seven types of macronutrients: Carbohydrates,fats,fiber,minerals,vitamins and water.

• Carbohydrates are vital for infant because that help to build new tissues and good source for growth and development. For infants carbohydrates that are available in cereals,fruits, vegetables and breast milk.
• Proteins are available from breast milk that helps to build and repair tissues of the skin,eyes,muscles,heart,,lungs and other organs.Proteins are useful for the manufacture of hormones,enzymes and antibodies to regulate body process.
• Lipids are useful for to reduce body heat loss and protect body organs and contain vitamin A,D,EK and required for brain development that will give resistance to infection and from diseases.Lipids are available in breast milk.
• Vitamin D helps in the formation of bones and vitamin A is vital for formation of health skin,hair and mucous membrane and proper vision.It will boost immune and reproductive system.
• Vitamin K is available in green leafy vegetables,pork and liver used for blood clotting.
• Vitamin C available in citrus fruits and vegetables that helps boost collagen and give structure to bones and cartilage,muscle and blood vessels and helps for wound healing.

Recommendation of macronutrients:

Macronutrients	0-6Months(per day)	7-12 months(per day)
Carbohydrate	60g	95g
Protein	9.1g	11.1g
Lipids	31g	30g
Vitamin D	5microgram	25microgram
Vitamin A	400 micro gram	500microgram
Vitamin K	2microgram	2.5 micro gram
Vitamin E	4mg	5mg
Vitamin C	40mg	50mg
Vitamin B12	0.4microgram	0.5 micro gram
Folate	65microgram	80microgram
VitaminB6	0.1mg	0.3mg
VitaminB1	0.2mg	0.3mg
Vitamin B2	0.3mg	0.4mg
Niacin	2mg	4mg
Calcium	210mg	270mg
Iron	0.27mg	11mg
Zinc	2mg	4mg