Question

. What are the ABCs of CPR? Briefly provide an explanation for each.

A	Airway
B	Breathing
C	Chest compression

How does the following improve ventilation and oxygenation?

Coughing
Respiratory muscle training

Answer 1

ABCs of CPR

A	Airway - it should be clear and there should not any blockage (Commonly the airway is blocked due to any foreign body or tongue fall). During CPR, to clear airway we can use Head tilt and chin lift maneuver or jaw thrust maneuver in a cervical injury patient.
B	Breathing - We have to check that the patient is spontaneously breathing or not by looking rise and fall of the chest(Chest movement).  if the patient is not breathing spontaneously then we have to give artificial mouth to mouth breath.
C	Chest compression - First we have to check the blood circulation is going on or not by checking carotid pulse if there is no circulation we have to initiate artificial compression of the heart by compressing the patient's chest. Place the heel of your palm on the lower half of the sternum and start compressing the victim's chest up to 5 cm in adult and 2 cm in the pediatric patient at a rate of 100 to 120 compression per minute.

Coughing and Respiratory muscle training improves ventilation and oxygenation by

Coughing	While coughing there is the forceful expulsion of air due to contraction of respiratory muscles then the muscle relaxes. After the relaxation of respiratory muscles, there is an empty space created in the lungs which is again filled by a deep inspiration. So, it improves ventilation by deep expiration and inspiration which tends to improve oxygenation.
Respiratory muscle training	Respiratory muscle training is an exercise of weakening respiratory muscles to improve strength. After exercise the air intake increases which tends to improve oxygenation by improving gaseous exchange.