Question

13. Give one nursing diagnosis for a patient with alterations in oxygenation.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Give two specific outcomes for maintaining patent airway.

a)_____________________________________________

b)_____________________________________________

15. Give five modalities appropriate for a patient with dyspnea.

a)____________________________________________________________________________

b)____________________________________________________________________________

c)____________________________________________________________________________

d)____________________________________________________________________________

e)____________________________________________________________________________

16. Define the following terms. Use table below.

Hemothorax.
Pneumothorax

17. Define the following oxygen delivery methods and identify advantages and disadvantages.

Method of delivery	Advantages	Disadvantages
Nasal cannula
Venturi mask
Face mask
Non-rebreather mask

18. What are the ABCs of CPR? Briefly provide an explanation for each.

A
B
C

19. How does the following improve ventilation and oxygenation?

Coughing
Respiratory muscle training
Pursed lip breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing

20. Briefly describe the following dysrhythmias?

Sinus tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Sinus bradycardia
Premature atrial contractions

Answer the following questions and give the rationale for your answer.

21. Ventilation, perfusion, and exchange of gases are the major purposes for

A. Respiration

B. Circulation

C. Aerobic metabolism

D. Anaerobic metabolism

ANSWER AND RATIONALE

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22. Afterload refers to:

A.  The resistance to left ventricular ejection.

B. The amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole.

C. The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute.

D. The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction.

ANSWER AND RATIONALE

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

23. The movement of gases in and out of the lungs depends on:

A. 50% oxygen content in the atmospheric air.

B. The pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli.

C. The use of accessory muscles of respiration during expiration.

D. The amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the fluid of the alveoli.

ANSWER AND RATIONALE

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

24. Mr. Isaac comes to the emergency room complaining of difficulty in breathing. An objective finding associated with his dyspnea might include:

A. Feelings of heaviness in his chest.

B. Complaints of shortness of breath.

C. Use of accessory muscles of respiration.

D. Statements about a sense of impending doom.

ANSWER AND RATIONALE

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

25. The use of chest physiotherapy to mobilize pulmonary secretions involves the use of

A. Hydration

B. Percussion

C. Nebulization

D. Humidification

ANSWER AND RATIONALE

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

13.Nursin Diagnosis

Impaired gas exchange related to alteration in oxygenation as evidenced by shortness of breath, tachypnea, wheezing ,sputum secretion

14.Outcome to maintain patent airway

• The patient will be having a normal respiratory pattern(normal breath rate, oxygen saturation)
• Able to breath without any difficulty
• Any obstructions are removed
• Adequate support of oxygen

15.The modalities appropriate for patient with dyspnea are

• Maintain a Fowler's or propped up position, this position can improve the lung capacity
• Administer oxygen in case of hypoxia
• Administer medication to dilate bronchial constriction, inflammation which is the cause for dyspnea
• Teach patient breathing exercise which can improve the oxygenation and muscle of lungs
• Monitor vital signs of the patient especially breath rate and oxygen saturation
• Assess for any signs of acid base imbalances

16.Hemothorax in simple refers to the presence of blood in the pleural cavity (Heam:blood,thorax :lung)

Pneumothorax in simple refers to presence of air in the pleural cavity (Pneum:air,thorax :lung)