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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES subject Pharmacology Active Learning Templates medication Chapter-------- **Medication: LOSARTAN Expected pharmacological action-------------- Therapeutic...

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

subject Pharmacology

Active Learning Templates medication

Chapter--------

**Medication: LOSARTAN

Expected pharmacological action--------------

Therapeutic UIse----------------------

Complications------------------------------

Medication Administration-------------------------------

contraindications/ precautions---------------------------

interactions---------------------------

Nursing interventions----------------------------------------

Client education-----------------------------------------

evaluation of medication effectiveness------

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Answer #1

LOSARTAN

Pharmacological action

  1. It is an angiotensin receptor blocker. It prevents the attachment of angiotensin II to angiotensin receptors.
  2. Inhibition of vasoconstriction
  3. Prevent salt and water retention caused by the release of aldosterone.

Therapeutic uses:

  1. Hypertension
  2. Hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy
  3. Nephropathy in type 2 diabetes

Complications

  1. Cough
  2. Upper respiratory tract infection
  3. Dizziness and nasal stuffiness
  4. Hypersensitivity reaction- anaphylaxis, angioedema
  5. Thrombocytopenia
  6. Distortion of taste sensation
  7. teratogenic effects - oligohydramnios

Medication administration

  1. Hypertension - 50 mg daily ( Maximum - 100mg/day)
    1. if a patient is on diuretic as well - 25mg/day
  2. Nephropathy in DM ( high levels of creatinine and proteinuria + HTN) - 50 mg/day (Maximum -100mg/day)
  3. No dose adjustment in case of renal failure
  4. Hepatic failure (Mild and moderate) - 25mg/day

Contraindication

  1. pregnancy
  2. Cannot be given in hypotension ( correct salt and fluid balance before administering the drug)
  3. Hyperkalemia
  4. Renal arterial stenosis
  5. Chronic renal failure
  6. Severe heart failure

Interaction:

  1. Cannot be administered with other drugs that increase serum potassium level ( spironolactone, propanolol, aspirin, KCL)
  2. Losartan increases lithium levels.
  3. Coadministration with NSAID ( Selective COX-2 inhibitor - celecoxib) can deteriorate renal function
  4. Do not use aliskiren (direct renin inhibitor)

Nursing intervention - In the case of complications

  1. Stop the losartan
  2. Treat hyperkalemia by, injection calcium gluconate, neb salbutamol, glucose + insulin drip and hemodialysis.
  3. Therapeutic drug monitoring for drugs like lithium
  4. Adequate hydration.

Client education:

  1. Follow doctors advice
  2. Store in a dry place with a temperature of 25-degree Celcius
  3. Stop taking the drug if you develop an allergy
  4. The patient may develop a cough
  5. Dizziness is a side effect. Avoid driving or working with heavy machinery.
  6. The patient must inform the doctor if he is on potassium supplements or anti-mania drugs.

Evaluation of medication efficacy:

  1. Regular blood pressure monitoring
  2. Urinary output
  3. Serum K+ levels
  4. Serum creatinine levels
  5. Urinary protein levels
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