Question

8. State the site of formation and function of growth hormone and somatomedins. Discuss stimuli for secretion and negative feedback. State the hormones released from the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland. State the function of the thyroid gland hormones and the parathyroid gland hormones. 10. Discuss how calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and active vitamin D, help to regulate blood Ca concentrations, and state stimuli for secretion and negative feedback control. Discus 11. Name the hormones of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. State the functions of those hormones and state stimuli for secretion and negative feedback control. Name and state the functions of the hormones of the endocrine pancreas. 12. 18

Answer 1

1. The growth hormone also called somatotropin to secrete by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It functions stimulating growth of the body tissue and bones and it is important for physical growth in children and it increases during childhood and extends upto puberty. GH stimulating body growth and stimulate the liver and other tissue and secretes IGF-1. Insulin-like growth factor -1 stimulate proliferation of chondrocytes cause bone growth. it has a direct effect on bone growth in stimulating chondrocytes it is important for muscle growth and stimulates the amnio acids uptake and protein synthesis on tissue and muscle. It has a negative feedback loop involvement in IGF-1. more IGF-1 cause decreases secretion of GH and stimulates the release of somatostatin.
2, Thyroid gland secrets thyroid hormone called thyroxin. parathyroid hormone secretes parathyroid hormone. thyroid hormone increases basal metabolic rate and affects protein synthesis and regulates bone growth and neural maturation. it plays an important role in digestion, brain development, heart, and muscle function and maintains bone strength. parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels and increases the body's ability to absorb calcium in the blood.
3, Cacitonn decreases blood calcium level by inhibiting osteoclasts and stimulate osteoblast and stimulate calcium secretion and phosphate in the blood. PTH increases the blood calcium level by stimulating osteoclasts that breakdown and release calcium in the blood. Active vitamin D3 convert into an active hormone called calciferol it regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate and absorb calcium from our food and transfer into the blood and prevent calcium loss from the kidney.
4, Adrenal cortex hormone steroid hormone called glucocorticoids, progestins, mineralocorticoids, angroh=gens, and estrogens. it helps regulates metabolism and body respond to stress and helps control blood pressure. adrenal medulla that function in initiate flight and fight response.