Question

How specific factors (e... HR, BP, VO2, VE/VCO2 slope, etc.) that are differently observed during an exercise testing in patients with divonie heart failure (specifically those who have systolic dysfunction compared to normal population? Explain how those factors are Improved after exercise training in patients with heart failure (with systolic dysfunction. Your Answer:

Answer 1

Heart failure is characterised by symptoms with activity. Exercise testing is useful in the diagnosis of heart failure, assessing functional capacity objectively, and in determining prognosis. It appears that if maximum exercise is possible, measurement of pV̇o2 or percentage predicted V̇o2 is the most useful exercise parameter. Peak V̇o2 is known to be a continuous variable in terms of its ability to predict prognosis. In normal population the peak vo2 and exercise duration is higher as compared to HF patients.Exercise training is recognized as a valuable adjunct in the therapeutic approach to the stable HF patient and, as such, is recommended by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (AHA) at a Class 1 level. In control subjects, exercise training can positively affect maximal VO2, central hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system function, peripheral vascular and muscle function, as well as exercise capacity. These adaptations result in a training effect, allowing an individual to exercise to higher peak workloads at a lower HR with each submaximal level of effort. Studies have shown the efficacy of exercise training in the HF patient and have reported improvements of 18% to 25% in peak VO2 and 18% to 34% in peak exercise duration. Subjective symptoms, functional class, and quality of life measures improve after training as well. Most exercise training studies in the HF patient employ moderate- to high-intensity exercise (70% to 80% peak HR), although a training effect has also been demonstrated after 8 to 12 weeks of low-intensity training (40% to 50% peak VO2).