Question

Lwowilt no dienrneo 54. Take the following nursing diagnoses and prioritize them according to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. Then group them using the hierarchy terms: ineffective airway elearanee, spiritual distress, decreased cardiac output, readiness for enhanced power, ineffective breathing pattern, risk for injury, chronic low self-esteem, risk for loneliness, and readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being.

Answer 1

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

Initially he affirmed that needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up.

Self actualization- desire to become the most one can be Esteem- respect, status, recognition, strength, freedom, self respect Love & belongingness-intimacy, friendship, sense of connection, family Safety needs- personal security, employment, health, property, resources Physiologicalneeds-air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction

From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

· Physiological and safety needs are basic needs.

· Belongingness and esteem needs are psychological needs.

· Self-actualization are self-fulfilment needs.

Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. They are the most important as all the other need, if these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.

Safety needs - Once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient. For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury). These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).

Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behaviour. Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

Esteem needs is the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).

Self-actualization needs refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow (1943) describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.

Maslow (1943) initially stated that individuals must satisfy lower level deficit needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs. However, he later clarified that satisfaction of a needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon, admitting that his earlier statements may have given “the false impression that a need must be satisfied 100 percent before the next need emerges.

Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may have the strong desire to become an ideal parent., or inventions.

Grouping of nursing diagnoses according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Physiological needs Ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing pattern, decreased cardiac output:

Safety needs Risk of injury

love and belongingness needs Risk of loneliness

Esteem needs Chronic low esteem, Readiness for enhanced power

Self actualization Spiritual distress, readiness for enhanced spiritual wellbeing

Prioritizing nursing diagnoses according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

1. Decreased cardiac output

2. Ineffective airway clearance,

3. Ineffective breathing pattern,

4. Risk of injury

5. Risk of loneliness

6. Chronic low esteem

7. Readiness for enhanced power

8. Spiritual distress

9. Readiness for enhanced spiritual well being