Question

Please read the article, Daily Distribution of Macronutrient Intakes of Professional Soccer Players From the English Premier League, and answer the guided questions below. Answers should be clear and concise. Please use supporting evidence where appropriate and provide citations (you may use APA or AMA citation formats). Appropriate formatting is required: Times New Roman, size 12 font, double spaced, 1" margins, 3-5 pages (citations are not included in page length). Make sure you answer all guided questions and check grammar before submission. All responses should be saved as a Word document and uploaded for full credit.

Guided Questions: 1. Please provide a definition for "inter-researcher reliability" and explain how this may impact the reliability and validity of a study's results.

2. In your own words, please summarize the findings of this study (i.e. the results).

3. Based on their findings and what you know about carbohydrates, why would the authors conclude that these players may benefit from consuming greater amount of carbohydrate in both the pre and post match meals?

4. Why did the authors also suggest that these athletes should adjust their protein intake so that there was an even distribution of daily protein intake?

Answer 1

ANSWER : ques(1) : Inter-researcher reliability. The test-retest method assesses the external consistency of a test. This refers to the degree to which different raters give consistent estimates of the  same  behavior  Note, it can also be called inter-observer reliability when referring to observational research.research reliability is the degree to which research method produces stable and consistent results

Impact on the reliability and validity of a study's results.

1. Reliability and validity are both very important criteria for analysing the quality of measures.

2. ‘Reliability’ and ‘validity’ – two words that almost always crop up when discussing and analysing

scientific research. So, why are they so special? This week I’m going to be discussing the importance

and possible flaws surrounding these two fundamental aspects of psychological research.

3. Reliability is about the consistency of a measure, and validity is about the accuracy of a measure.

4. It's important to consider reliability and validity when you are creating your research design, planning

your methods, and writing up your results, especially in quantitative research.

ques(2) : Energy and Macronutrient Distribution Across Meals on Training Days :

There were significant differences in the reported absolute and relative energy and macronutrient between

meals consumed on training days (P<0.01 for all examined absolute 259 and relative energy intake

variables.Specifically, players consumed higher absolute and relative EI at dinner compared with breakfast,

morning, afternoon and evening snacks (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Additionally, absolute and relative EI

was also greater at lunch compared with the morning and evening snacks (P<0.01).

Protein and relative protein intakes were greater at dinner compared with breakfast, morning snacks,

afternoon snacks and evening snacks (P<0.01 for all comparisons).In relation to fat intake, both absolute

and relative intakes were higher at dinner compared with the morning.

Energy and Macronutrient Intake Across Meals on Match Days :

There was no significant difference (P>0.05 for all meals) in absolute and relative energy and

macronutrient intake between meals on the two difference match days.

ques(3) : During digestion, all carbohydrates are broken down into sugar (glucose), which is the body’s

primary energy source. Glucose can be converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscle tissue.

It can then be used as a key energy source during exercise to fuel exercising muscle tissue and other body

systems. Athletes can increase their stores of glycogen by regularly eating high-carbohydrate foods.

If carbohydrate in the diet is restricted, a person’s ability to exercise is compromised because there is not

enough glycogen kept in storage to fuel the body. This can result in a loss of protein (muscle) tissue,

because the body will start to break down muscle tissue to meet its energy needs, and may increase the

risk of infections and illness.

1. The pre-event meal is an important part of the athlete’s pre-exercise preparation. A high-carbohydrate meal three to four hours before exercise is thought to have a positive effect on performance. A small snack one to two hours before exercise may also benefit performance.

2. Carbohydrate foods and fluids should be consumed after exercise, particularly in the first one to two hours after exercise. To top up glycogen stores after exercise, eat carbohydrates with a moderate to high GI in the first half hour or so after exercise. This should be continued until the normal meal pattern resumes.

ques(4) : Protein is an important part of a training diet and plays a key role in post-exercise recovery and

repair. Protein needs are generally met by following a high-carbohydrate diet, because many foods

especially cereal-based foods, are a combination of carbohydrate and protein.

Dietary surveys have found that most athletic groups comfortably reach and often exceed their protein

requirements by consuming a high-energy diet. Protein supplements are therefore unlikely to improve your

sporting performance.