Question

1.What is Diaphragmatic Breathing

2. What is Pursed Lips breathing.

3. Name oxygen delivery methods such as Nasal Cannula, Ventuira Mask, Partial and Non -re-breather mask and when and why we would use them.

4. Care of the patient with a endotracheal tube (ETT) and possible Complication

Care of a Tracheotomy Patient and steps in Trach Care, What are possible complications of (ETT) and Tracheotomies

5. Types of ventilators and how do you trouble shoot

6. What are chest Drainage systems, and how do you care for a patient with Post-operative chest tubes, and complications.

7. What are Upper respiratory Infections, and how does the nurses assess the patient

Answer 1

1. Diaphragmatic breathing , also known as ''deep breathing', is a type of breathing in which the breathing takedtplace by contraction of the muscle of diaphragm which lies in between the thoracic and abdominal cavity. In this type of breathing , when the air enters the lungs the abdomen rises up rather than the chest.

2. Pursed lip breathing is a type of breathing in which the patient is asked to tighten their lips and inhale through nose then they are asked to make a pursed shape of their lips as if blowing out the candle and slowly release the air twice or thrice time slower than the time taken to inhale through their mouth or lips.

3. There are various different types of oxygen delivery methods. They are as follows:

- nasal cannula

- ventura mask

- partial and non re breather mask

Low flow oxygen delivery system includes:

- simple face mask

- nasal prongs

- tracheostomy mask

- tracheostomy HME connector

- isolette neonates

These are used for:

- simple face mask: it is used when higher flow rate of oxygen is required to be provided to the patient.

- nasal prongs: it is used when the patient requires the oxygen in low or midium flow, and the state of the patient is completely stable.

- tracheostomy mask : it is mainly used for the patient's with tracheostomy amdafor whom the oxygen supplement is required.

- isolette neonate is a device which is used as an incubator to provide the children with suitable environmental condition.

4. Care of patient with endotracheal tube:

- the repiratory unit is responsible for maintaining and providing care to the patient with endotracheal tube.

- a parent airway should be maintained for the patient.

- the tube should be tied in one place to prevent from movement with the help of Velcro trach ties or cloth ties.

- the cloth or tie should be changed frequently.

- the area surrounding the tube should be kept dry.

The possible complications of endotracheal tube are: airway obstruction, laryngospasm and aspiration as well as sore throat because of use of anesthesia. Also infection, speech impairment and tracheomalacia are some of the other complications that might occur.

Complications of tracheostomy are: bleeding, pneumothorax, infection, aspiration, blocked tube etc.

Steps for reach care are:

- all the procedures requires thorough hand washing.

- the ties and the flap should be removed gently with the gloved non dominant hand.

- clean the area of the tracheostomy for providing care.

- now suction the tracheostomy hole with a suction apparatus.

- then again clean the tracheostomy area with the betadine solution and repat it till the wound is not infected.

5. The types of ventilator are:

Assist control ventilation, synchronized intermittent mandatory is with pictures, pressure control ventilation, etc.