Question

• Identify the normal values for: extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, sodium, potassium, pH, HCO2, PaCO2, PaO2, O2 saturation. • Identify the two major fluid compartments. • Identify the sub-compartments of extracellular fluid. • Explain how to calculate how much fluid as patient has gained or lost based on weight in kilograms. • Identify the signs and symptoms of hypovolemia or fluid deficit. • Identify the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia or fluid excess. • Describe the fluids used to correct a fluid imbalance. • How would you diagnose an electrolyte imbalance? What test would you perform?

Answer 1

. Extra cellular fluid - 20 percent

Intracellular fluid- 40 percent

Interstitial fluid-15 percent

Intravascular fluid-5percent

Hydrostatic lressure 8 to 10 mmhg

Oncotic pressure-25mmhg

Sodium - 135-145

Potassium-3.5-5.5

Ph-7.34-7.45

Hco2-22-26mmol/l

Paco2-35-45mmhg

Pao2-80-100mmhg

O2-95-100percent

. Two mazor fluid compartment is 1.extracellular fliud compartment 2 intracellular fluid compartment

. Subcompartment or extracellular fluid-interstitial fluid and pasma, lymph, csf and synovial fluid.

. Sign and symptoms of hypovlemia and fluid deficit-1dehydration

2weight loss

3.dry mucus membrane

4.Decrease skin turgor

5.Hypotension

6.increased capillary refill time

7.postural hypotension

8.weak and thready pulse

9 flat neck vein

10.tachycardia