Question

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Most parts of dysfunctional behaviour or mental well‐being are influenced by social elements, (for example, sex, social class, race and ethnicity, and family) and social institutions (for example, work markets, and human services associations). The ability to adapt viably to an increasing number of people with psychological illness as well as dementia depend generously on the social arrangements influencing family, work, salary backing and therapeutic care. However, this relationship is further complicated by substance use and/or physical illness.

David Mechanic stated in his research paper, The influence of Social Factors on Mental Health (2002) that 'with the ageing of the population, the cumulative burdens of mental illness are increasing in most societies. Such burdens depend not only on the magnitude of dementia, depression, schizophrenia and other mental illnesses but the types of social supports and institutional arrangements that help to insulate individuals, families and communities from the most disruptive stresses and facilitate functioning.'

Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide

Macro-level context Wider society Systems Life-course stages Accumulation of positive and negative effects on health and well-being over the life-course Prenatal Early years Working age Older ages Family-building Perpetuation of inequities

A study by the World Health Organisation along with proving how social, economic and physical environments shape mental disorders, highlighted effective measures to reduce the negative aspects of them. Strong evidence shows that many mental and physical health conditions emerge in later life but originate in early life. The diagram above shows the 5 life courses stages ( Prenatal, early years, working and family building and old age).

The bar-graph shows occurrence of common health disorder by household income in England (2007)

'Those lower on the social hierarchy are more likely to experience less favourable economic, social, and environmental conditions throughout life and have access to fewer buffers and supports. These disadvantages start before birth and tend to accumulate throughout life, although not all individuals with similar exposures have the same vulnerabilities; some are more resilient or have access to buffers and supports to mitigate the potential mental health effects of disadvantage and poverty.'

Below is the framework of social factors:

• Life-course - Prenatal, adolescence, working, ageing, gender
• Household - Parents' attitude, income, food, sanitation, social support
• Community - Neighborhood, trust and support, volunteering, neighbourhood crime, infrastructure
• Local services - health care, clean water, sanitation, the education system
• Country factors - poverty status, inequality, women empowerment, employment, law, human rights, governance, health care policy.

Answer 1

There are many factors that will determine a person's mental health and any deviations from it. The major factors are social components and social organizations. Social components include gender, social status, family background, ethnicity and race. Social organizations that influence the mental status of the person are work environment and human service associations.

The capacity to adujust with an expanding number of individuals with mental illness and also Dementia depends liberally depends on family, job, salary and treatment services.

According to the study ' The influence of social factors on Mental health' by David Mechanic, chance of getting mental illness increases with the age, resulting in icrease of the burden of the country. Not only the number of cases depression, dementia, Schizophrenia determines the burden but also the social support and health care facility to provide care for individual, family and community determines it.

Social determinants of health

A study conducted by WHO featured with the effective measures to reduce the mental disorders and also the study shows that how economical, physical and social environment shapes the mental disorders. The etiology of many mental and physical disorders are laying in the earlier life of a person specially in the childhood and manifest during adolescence or adulthood.

The bar graph

The graph shows the relation between the income and the occurance of common health disorders. Low socio economic class people have less access to the support system specially health services because of their inadequate social, economic and environmental resources. But some people, even though their conditions are same , they may access to health support system to prevent mental illness with their versatile actions.