Question

A. Formulate a case study/scenario for a patient diagnosed with DIABETES Type ll. B. Include the following in the case study. a. Anatomy & Physiology b. Overview of the Disease Process C. Risk Factors d. Pathophysiology (Including all systems affected) e. Client Background, Biographical Data, Cultural Considerations, Demographic, Medical History, Current Health Status, Knowledge of Disorder, and all other areas of the Clinical Paperwork f. nclude the Lab Findings that are associated with Diabetes and the Lab Values that are also associated with Complications of Diabetes. Diagnostic Testing for Diabetes as well as for Complications associated with the disorder Treatments for Diabetes (All treatments including Medications, Non Pharmacological Treatments, Preventative Treatments, Complementary Therapies, Adjunct Therapies such as Wound Care, etc. g. h. i. Patient Education for Insulin Types and Administration (A Chart Can Be Developed) j. Home Care for Diabetes k. Consider relevant data to report to the physician. Consider community resources needed for a patient with this disorder. How would you follow up for the patient?

Answer 1

Diabetes is an endocrine disorder which occurs due to the disbalance between demand and making of insulin hormone in the islets of langerhands.Type 2 diabetes occurs when beta cell did not produce insulin which is needed for the body.peripheral insulin resistance will happen due to this beta cell deficiency.

The main risk factors of type2 diabetes are

1)obesity or overweight

2)age over 45 or more

3)hereditary-if any family history of diabetes

4)Asian American,African American people are more prone to this risk

5)hypertension

6)decrease in HDL and increase in triglycerides

7)patient has history of gestational diabetes

8)depression patients

9)history of cardiovascular disease and CVA.

If glycated haemoglobin level is 7 or more than 7% indicates diabetes.Moreover,fasting blood sugar will be more than 100 and postprandial blood glucose will be more than 140 mg/dl is considered as diabetes.if life blood sugar raises above 600mg/dl,it is the life threatening condition.ketones will be high in the urine indicates diabetic ketto acidosis is the major complications

Diagnostic test for diabetes are

1)glucose tolerance test

2)random blood sugar

3)fasting blood sugar

4)post prandial blood sugar

5)HbA1C

To find complications

1)ketones in the urine should be checked to find out DKA

2)retinopathy exam to find diabetic retinopathy

3)foot examination to find neuropathy

4)cholesterol monitor

5)blood pressure checking .hypertension leads to heart disease and stroke in diabetes

6)diabetic nephropathy to find kidney function

Treatment includes

1)anti diabetic medication such as metformin,sulfonylureas.if it is not controlled by oral medicine then insulin should be started

2)anti coagulant like aspirin

3)anti hypertensive

4)physical activities including jogging,walking,swimming

5)with hold substance abuse such as alcohol,smoke

6)balance weight

7)diabetic diet .low carbohydrate,low fat food

8)preventive treatment includes pneumococcal and influenza vaccine

9)primary care should be provided .refer to ophthalmologist,endocrinologist, and nutionist to prevent further complications

INSULIN TYPES

1)rapid acting.eg.Humlog,novalog

onset of action 10 to15 minutes

peak action time is 1-2 hours

total duration of action is3-5 hrs

2)short acting.eg.hHuman insulin regular

onset of action 30 minutes

peak action 2-4hours

total duration of action 6-7hours

3)Intemideate acting.eg.NPH insulin

peak action 4-12 hours

4)Long acting eg.lantus

it acts more than 24 hours

When you registered with health care agencies they will arrange Physiotherapist,occupational therapists ,dietitian who can help the patient to get rid off from diabetes.In home also patients glucose should be monitored and diet should be followed so if any care takers appointed they can take responsibility to look after the patient in home

aboveall,registration should be done with nearby community health center.so that they will do follow up visits consequently and refer the patient if any symptoms of complications find