Question

A. Formulate a case study/scenario for a patient diagnosed with DIABETES Type ll. B. Include the following in the case study. a. Anatomy & Physiology b. Overview of the Disease Process c. Risk Factors d. Pathophysiology (Including all systems affected) e. Client Background, Biographical Data, Cultural Considerations, Demographic, Medical History, Current Health Status, Knowledge of Disorder, and all other areas of the Clinica Paperworlk Include the Lab Findings that are associated with Diabetes and the Lab Values that are also associated with Complications of Diabetes. Diagnostic Testing for Diabetes as well as for Complications associated with the disorde Treatments for Diabetes (All treatments including Medications, Non Pharmacological Treatments, Preventative Treatments, Complementary Therapies, Adjunct Therapies such as Wound Care, etc. Patient Education for Insulin Types and Administration (A Chart Can Be Developed) Home Care for Diabetes Consider relevant data to report to the physician. Consider community resources needed for a patient with this disorder. How would you follow up for the patient? f. g. h. i. j. k. C. Document your assessment findings from your case study to include: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. All possible subjective assessment findings seen in a patient with Diabetes Type ll All possible objective assessment findings seen in a patient with Diabetes Type lI Nursing Diagnosis Goals for Treatment Short and Long Term Interventions for Disorder & Complications Treatments Evaluation of Treatments Follow up Requirements

A. Formulate a case study/scenario for a patient diagnosed with DIABETES Type ll. B. Include the following in the case study. a. Anatomy & Physiology b. Overview of the Disease Process c. Risk Factors d. Pathophysiology (Including all systems affected) e. Client Background, Biographical Data, Cultural Considerations, Demographic, Medical History, Current Health Status, Knowledge of Disorder, and all other areas of the Clinica Paperworlk Include the Lab Findings that are associated with Diabetes and the Lab Values that are also associated with Complications of Diabetes. Diagnostic Testing for Diabetes as well as for Complications associated with the disorde Treatments for Diabetes (All treatments including Medications, Non Pharmacological Treatments, Preventative Treatments, Complementary Therapies, Adjunct Therapies such as Wound Care, etc. Patient Education for Insulin Types and Administration (A Chart Can Be Developed) Home Care for Diabetes Consider relevant data to report to the physician. Consider community resources needed for a patient with this disorder. How would you follow up for the patient? f. g. h. i. j. k. C. Document your assessment findings from your case study to include: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. All possible subjective assessment findings seen in a patient with Diabetes Type ll All possible objective assessment findings seen in a patient with Diabetes Type lI Nursing Diagnosis Goals for Treatment Short and Long Term Interventions for Disorder & Complications Treatments Evaluation of Treatments Follow up Requirements

Answer 1

CASE STUDY ON DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2:

1.INTRODUCTION:

the case study is used to presented features who has a type 2 diabetes mellitus. nurses are involved in what type of interventions we are apply to this type of patient.

A.DESCRIPTION OF HEALTH CONDTION

   Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of endocrine function in which there is a lack of insulin or abscence of insuIin .

Client profile :

name:

address:

age:

sex:

birth date:

civil status:

educational qualification:

height /weight:

nationality:

occupation :

ASSESMENT:

family history of illness:

in this we need to collect information regarding any history of dm2 in family members.

past history of illness:

collect information regarding any history of illness from childhood.

present history of illness:

here patient having any signs and sysmptoms related to diabetes type 2.frequency of urination excessive thirst.

Nurtrional status:

food habits of patient has to be collected.

• any allergies
• supplements has been taken.

elimination pattern

bladder and bowel movoments.

sleep pattern:

collect information regarding sleeping habits . regarding hours of sleep and time of sleep.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

In this collect information regarding vital signs

weight

height

bmi

mental health status:

attitude

mood

quantity/quality and organization of speech:

head to toe physical examination to be done .

CASE DISCUSSION:

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:

Diabetes ellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose resulting from defect in insulin production and secretion.

TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS:

1.TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

2.TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS:

It is also called adult-onset diabetes. or non insulin dependent diabetes .

it occurs most often in people who are over weight and who do not exercise. in type 2DM the pancreas may not produce enough insulin, cells have become resistant to the insulin produced and it may not work work effectively .symptoms can begin so gradually that a person may not know that he has it

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

OBESITY,GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY$\rightarrow$INSULIN RESISTANCE$\rightarrow$IMPAIRED GLUSOSE UTILIZATION$\rightarrow$HYPERGLYCEMIA

management of diabetes:

type 2 DM-diet ,exercise, OHA

Diet: Diabetic diet

to maintain blood glucose levels and to prevent complications.

choose foods with low glucose index compose of 45-55% carbohydrates, 30-35% fats.

concentrated sweets and regular soft drinks to be avoid.

EXERCISE:

To prevent obesity. control weight.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:

• Polyuria
• polydipsia
• polyphagia
• fatigue
• weakness
• weight loss
• dry skin

RISK FACTORS:

1. Obesity
2. impaired glucose tolerance
3. genetics/hereditary
4. race
5. hypertension
6. sedentary life style
7. age
8. Prevention:

• maintain body weight
• advise smoking cessation
• diet

NURING DIAGNOSIS:

1. Risk for infection related to insufficient knowledge on proper wound care
2. risk for volume deficit related to frequent urination.
3. imbalace nutrition less than body requirement related to inability to utilize nutrients.

GOALS:

1. Demonstrate adequate hydration
2. have knowledge ion wound care
3. maintain normal nutrition status.

INTERVENTIONS:

1.observe for signs and symptoms

2.discuss proper diet

3.maintain fluid intake 2500ml/day.

HEALTH EDUCATION

it should be given on diet ,medications, hygine.

regular check ups

.

problems related to eating

problems related to eating

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

homeostasis depends on the precise regulation of organ and organ system.failure of regulation results diabetes mellitus . it regulates blood glucose levels and other nutrion in the blood.