Question

V. Thoracic Surgery A. Pneumonectomy 1. Description 2. Post-operative positioning: 3. Other thoracic procedures 1. Post-operative positioning: Post-operative complication: B. 2. Post-operative care to prevent shoulder ankylosis:

Answer 1

THORACIC SURGERY

A) PNEUMONECTOMY

   1) DESCRIPTION:- A Pneumonectomy or Pneumectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a lung.Removal of just one of lobe of the lung is specifically referred to as a Lobectomy,and that of a segment of the lung as a wedge resection.

-- The most common reason for a pneumonectomy is to remove tumourous tissue arising from lung cancer.In the days prior to the use of antibiotics in tuberculosis treatment,tuberculosis was sometimes treated surgically by pneumonectomy.

-- 2 Types

1) Simple pneumonectomy- Removal of just the affected lung.

2) Extrapleural pneumonectomy-Removal of affected lung and part of the diaphragm,the parietal pleura and the pericardium.

2) POST OPERATIVE POSITIONING

From my findings I suggest that avoiding supine positioning after pneumonectomy may facilitate improvements in hemodynamics and a decreased risk of hypoxemia.The optimal position for gas exchange after pneumonectomy is a lateral position,with the remaining lung in the uppermost position.

3) POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS

-- It includes,1) empyema

2) Reoperation for bleeding or infection.

3) BPF

4) Pneumonia

5) Reintubation

6) pulmonary oedema

7) Adult respiratory distress syndrome   

8) Myocardial infraction

B) OTHER THORACIC PROCEDURE

​​​​​​ 1) POST OPERATIVE POSITIONING

-- A chest tube will kept in the place until the surgeon is confident that the drainage has stopped and no air is leaking and the removal usually occurs 3 to 4 days after your surgery but may take longer if the surgery was extensive.

2) POST OPERATIVE CARE TO PREVENT SHOULDER ANKYLOSIS

​​​​​​ -- Ankylosis also known as Anchylosis,this is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain of a specific joint and the condition may result from abnormal adhesion of the bones in the affected joint due to some dissasss or injury.

-- We can avoid or prevent Ankylosis by,

1) Treating serious bone injuries immediately to prevent them from advancing into more serious disorders.

2) Avoiding injury to the bony joints during activities like playing outdoor games.

3) Treating diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis properly and monitaring patients regularly for any signs of abnormal bone fusion.

4) Keeping all joints flexible by regular exercise.