7. ANS: Coarse crackles are early respiratory breathing sounds resulted from the alveolar collapse due to lack of aeration or fluid or exudates. When compared with fine crackles, coarse crackles are louder and lower in pitch.
8. ANS: Most of the nasal cannulas can deliver 1-6 L/min flow and it can deliver an oxygen concentration of 28–44%.
Estimation of FIO2:
1L = 24%,
2L = 28%,
3L = 32%,
4L = 36%,
5L = 40%,
6L = 44%.
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