Question

Disease teaching

TOPIC:           Asthma

Write the following summary of the disease, making sure to include all of the points below. Your lesson should include:

• Pathophysiology of the disease: In your own words, write the pathophysiology of the disorder and relate the clinical manifestations of each back to the pathophysiology based on the information you taught your peer.

• Clinical manifestations of the disease (at least two assessment findings)

• Two nursing diagnoses: Discuss 2 nursing diagnoses common to patients and the interventions you chose for each diagnosis.

• Treatment plan (at least two interventions: intraprofesional and nursing care) and the rationale for interventions

• Four patient teaching points for this disease: Include the disease, the treatment plan, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of your teaching.

Answer 1

Asthma:

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It is caused by a various factor such as gender, genetics, and environment.

Pathophysiology:

The airway inflammation leads to an increase of mucus-secreting cells results in excessive production of mucus that narrows the airway passage. The airway impairment leads to inflammation of epithelial cells that causes the airway to become hyperresponsive. Poor exchange of gases results in carbon dioxide retention.

Bronchoconstriction:

The irritants or allergens leads to narrowing of the airway that causes constriction of smooth muscle cells results in bronchoconstriction.

Airway edema:

Once the inflammation becomes progressive, the mucus of the airway secretion results in hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells.

Airway hyperresponsiveness:

Airway edema leads to airway Hyperresponsiveness which leads to structural and neurological changes in the bronchi and bronchioles.

Clinical manifestations of Asthma:

• Cough especially in the night
• Shortness of breath
• Feeling of tired
• Changes in lung function
• Sleeping difficulty.

Assessment findings:

• Assessment of lung function tests such as peak expiratory volume and functional expiratory volume.
• Assessment of oxygen saturation in room air and analysis of arterial blood gas analysis.

Nursing Diagnosis:

• Ineffective breathing pattern related to the use of accessory muscles as evidenced by breathing difficulties.
• Ineffective airway clearance related to asthma as evidenced by a productive cough, sputum.

Nursing interventions	Rationale
Assess of adventitious sounds.	Adventitious sounds such as wheezing, stridor indicates bronchospasm.
Assess oxygen saturation and administer oxygen.	to alleviate hypoxia.

Patient teaching:

• Educate about the triggers of allergens and irritants.
• Educate to sit in an upright position to make an airway open.
• Educate the patient to perform peak flow meters.
• Educate about the importance of medication therapy.