Question

Explain cause of issues-What happened in the (RURAL COMMUNITY )why the population has lost,is losing,and not attracting residents between the age 22 and 30 years old IN IN

1. How long has the issue existed?

1.Which community members are concerned?Why?

Answer 1

the population has lost,is losing,and not attracting residents between the age 22 and 30 years old in rural community:-

Rural areas lack academic and economic opportunity compared to metropolises. Because of this, a large portion of migrants are talented high school graduates. This cause-effect relationship, known as “brain drain,” robs rural areas of intellectual capital.

Shifting industry characteristics explains a large part of migration. Farming, logging, and mining populate the rural employment sector. Unfortunately, the sector’s reliance on human capital shifted to automation, outsourcing, and foreign direct investment. The industry’s evolution into today’s technology dominated economy left rural inhabitants jobless.

While not an ideal outcome for rural inhabitants, the transition comes with drastic productivity gains. Today’s average American farmer provides food to about 155 people compared to 25.8 people in 1960.

[1] The increased output per capita enables millions to work in other industries. The impact from low rural job demand is twofold. First, the industries replacing these jobs are highly specialized and required expensive human investment. Second, rural job’s low wages and physical nature labor are unattractive. These two factors contribute to a “chicken and egg cycle.” Rural inhabitants need to invest in human capital, management namely education. However, they cannot afford this development with their current wages.

[2]The economic shift pushes young people to cities. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of 2014 Economic Analysis, “Real GDP increased in 74% of cities.”

[3] Domestically, 20 cities account for over 50% of the nation’s output.

[4] Low headcounts in rural areas and the educational requirements of the new labor market leave young adults in rural areas with few employment choices. For instance, 50% of Oregon’s jobs surround its largestcity ,Portland.

The Negative Consequences of Rural Population Loss:-

Proponents argue that economic migration supports free market allocation of labor, capital, and taxes. These classical economists believe self-regulating markets creates the most value.

[a] The United States has experienced dramatic economic growth, in large part because of the freedom of U.S. citizens to move to locations with economic opportunity. Although beneficial overall, the free market theory consequences of this shift are important brings a host of problems.Rural populations governments lose their local tax base. Subsequently, local governments must cut spending.

[b] The budget cuts hurt infrastructure, community centers, and most importantly public schools. As the population drops, schools close and local businesses suffer.

[c] The cutbacks drive more people to cities.Low population deflates property values. Many elderly American rely on their home equity as their savings. When property values drop, they cannot afford to sell their homes to move. In effect, young people leave their counterparts behind, effectively trapping them. The median age in rural communities has been rising.

[d] In Wheeler County, Oregon, the median age rose from 48 to 56 over a 13 year period. Unfortunately, , elderly populations must settle for mediocre healthcare, especially as hospitals in rural America continue to shut down, the rural elderly population left in rural areas receive mediocre medical care.

The situation in rural areas and amongst rural young people:-these are the community members of rural community who are concerned to rural community:-

(1)Europe's rural areas differ greatly in terms of their social, political, economic and geographic features, and young people in these areas cannot be treated as a homogeneous group. Nevertheless, a large number of young people in Europe's rural areas will unavoidably find themselves confronted by many of the challenges of tomorrow's world, challenges such as globalisation, the information society, the post-modern labour market and the need to tolerate constant uncertainty, as well as the general challenge of how to take charge of their own lives. Potential, or in some cases real, threats include uncertainties about income security, jobs, places in education and training, and the weakening in the level of services in rural areas.

(2.)The drift away from agriculture has been rapid, and there is no end in sight. On the contrary, the enlargement of the EU and the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy will cause a continuing decline in the numbers of people employed in agriculture.

(3.)The transition in the agricultural sector contains the threat of a major rise in unemployment. The service and manufacturing sectors will not necessarily be able to provide immediate alternative employment for the labour force being shed by agriculture. Rural areas have only limited resources with which to hold on to their population, and the results have already been seen in depopulation of the countryside as people move into urban areas.

(4.)The transition in rural areas is having a particularly strong impact on the young. It is fundamental to the vitality of rural areas that young people should have faith in the future of the countryside. All means should be employed to strengthen this faith. At present, the towns appear to be offering young people better employment and educational opportunities, a feature particularly noticeable in the former socialist countries.

Effects of young people leaving rural community on urban community:-

Almost 80 percent of the population in the United States lives in an urban area. This number shows no sign of declining, as people move from rural areas to cities, often in search of better job opportunities. This pattern of migration affects not only the often-overcrowded urban areas, but the rural areas that people leave behind.

(a) Infrastructure Challenges:-The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, whether in the U.S. or elsewhere, can put a strain on a city's infrastructure. Roads and freeways become overcrowded as new construction struggles to keep up with the demand. Wait time at emergency rooms can become a public health issue as hospitals may not be equipped to handle the increase in population. Schools may not have the budget to hire additional personnel or build new buildings, which can lead to overcrowding in classrooms.

(2.)Overcrowding:-As the population density of urban areas increases, so do the signs of overcrowding. Real estate prices often go up as demand outpaces the supply of housing. This can lead to individuals living in small spaces with several other people, leading to the rise of slums. Urban overcrowding can also place severe financial strain on people who have lived in the area for years, but who must cope with rapidly rising rents. As the number of cars on urban streets increases, so does the pollution that is emitted, which can cause the public health problem of increased respiratory disease among the population. Overcrowding can also increase stress levels, as people deal with having less physical space and quiet in their environment.

(3.)Family Structure:-As many people, especially young adults, leave rural areas for the cities, they leave family behind. As a result, extended family systems begin to disintegrate. The result is often a lack of childcare and eldercare for family members. As younger people leave rural areas, marriage prospects for young adults who decide to stay can decline. If rural to urban migration takes place across borders, young adults may have very limited contact with their family of origin.