Question

1. What is collateral circulation, and why is it so important?

2. What is a electrocardiogram? What does it check for?

3. What is a cardiac catherization? What does it check for?

4. My dad had a normal ECG, but poor catherization results that revealed he required quadruple bypass surgery. What reasons would explain the normal ECG? (you made need to do research)

Answer 1

Ans) 1) Collateral circulation:

- Collateral circulation is the alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another path, such as nearby minor vessels.

Importance:

- Coronary collateral arteries may prevent myocardial ischaemia in healthy subjects and in patients with CHD. A functional collateral circulation may lead to reduced ischaemia, preservation of ventricular function, and an improved prognosis

2) Electrocardiogram: A medical test that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart, and is used to diagnose possible heart problems.

3) Cardiac catheterization is a test to the heart. This test uses a thin, flexible tube called a catheter that is inserted into the heart through blood vessels.

- This test can include a coronary angiogram, which checks the coronary arteries.

- A cardiac catheterization can checkblood flow in the coronary arteries.

4) Normal ECG, but poor catherization results that revealed he required quadruple bypass surgery. Reasons to normal ECG:

- The ECG is a static picture and may not reflect severe underlying heart problems at a time when the patient is not having any symptoms.

- The most common example of this is in a patient with a history of intermittent chest pain due to severe underlying coronary artery disease.