Question

As usual you are expected to answer any one of the following questions bellow. You will earn no points if you do not proved references to support your point of view and examples to prove your point.

1. Discuss developmental care associated with pregnancy.
2. Discuss the aspects of assessment for elder mistreatment.

Please provide references.

Answer 1

Ans) Developmental care is a philosophy utilized by the entire interdisciplinary team to coordinate medical, nursing, and parental interventions based on the developmental needs for a particular patient.

- Preconception and prenatal care can help prevent complications and inform women about important steps they can take to protect their infant and ensure a healthy pregnancy. With regular prenatal care women can: Reduce the risk of pregnancy complications.

- Getting good care before, during, and after pregnancy is very important. It can help baby grow and develop and keep both healthy.

- Take folic acid: If you are considering becoming pregnant, or are pregnant, you should take a supplement with at least 400 micrograms(0.4 mg) of folic acid every day.

Ans) Elder abuse and neglect is a serious and prevalent problem that is estimated to affect 700,000 to 1.2 million older adults annually in this country. Only one in ten cases of elder abuse and neglect are reported and there is a serious underreporting by clinical professionals,likely due to the lack of appropriate screening instruments. Abuse, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment are actions that can lead to elder mistreatment.

Elder mistreatment (EM):

A patient should be referred to social services if the following exists:

1) if there is any evidence of mistreatment without sufficient clinical explanation.

2) whenever there is a subjective complaint by the elder of EM.

3) whenever the clinician believes there is high risk or probable abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonmentTARGET POPULATION: The EAI is appropriate in all clinical settings and is completed by clinicians that are responsible for screening for elder mistreatment.VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY: The EAI has been used since the early 1980’s.

- The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) is reported at 0.84 in a sample of 501 older adults who presented in an emergency department setting.

- STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The major strengths of the EAI are its rapid assessment capacity (the instrument takes approximately 12-15 minutes) and the way that it sensitizes the clinician to screening for elder mistreatment. Limitations include: no scoring system and weak specificity.