Question

Be sure to copy and paste the question so I know which of them you are answering. Also always provide references to support your points of view or source of information.

1. Breath sounds are very important in the assessment of a patient. Discuss three abnormal breath sounds, their significances and possible interventions.

2. Discuss heart failure and the management of the symptoms there of.

please I need a need source of information, thanks.

Answer 1

Ans) 1) Breath sound:

- Respiratory sounds/ breathe sounds refer to the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral chacteristics of lung sounds

Abnormal breathe sound:Bronchial or bronchovesicular sounds heard in the peripheral lung fields are abnormal breath sounds.

- Kussmaul respirations:Abnormal breathing pattern characterized by rapid, deep breathing.

- Chyne stokes respiration: Abnormal breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing.

- Biot's respirations:Abnormal breathing pattern with apnea every four to five cycles.

2) Heart failure:The inability of the ventricle(s) to fill or pump enough blood to meet the body's oxygen and nutrient needs.

Management:

Treatment goals of acute heart failure:

- Improve the heart's pumping ability, decrease the hear'ts O2 demand

- Diet low in NA

- Diuretics (monitor electrolytes for K loss)

- Increased K

- Fluid restriction

- Paracentesis

- Skin care on edemitious

- Vitals, weights, I&O, measure abdomen, position for optimal breathing, monitor for dehydration, side rails, cardiac meds, activity as tolerated,

- Limited caffeine intake

- Intra-aortic balloon pump

- Ventricular assist device

- Cardiomyoplasty

- Heart transplant (rare b/c disease has probably affected other organs of the body by now).