Question

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Which of the following best describes how Which of the following explains the calcium channel blockers affect the heart in mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBS)? a patient with angina? These drugs block strong muscle contractions Inhibit the movement of calcium ions across and cause vasodilation. membranes of myocardial cells Calcium channel blockers alter the electrolyte balance of the heart which prevents arrhythmias Causes decreased blood pressure Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This drug classification increases the heart rate making it more efficient. Binds with angiotensin II to block release of aldosterone They prevent any cardiovascular exercise Is this which ultimately decreases strain on the right? Causes vasoconstriction of the vascular heart system Which of the following are the therapeutic What is the action of nitrates? A patient is started on hydralazine actions of digoxin? Select all that apply (Apresoline) for high blood pressure. What is the most common adverse effect of this Increased afterload on the heart drug? Increased cardiac workload Increase preload on the heart Positive inotropic effect Hypoglycemia Constrict coronary arteries to increase Decreased cardiac output OConstipation Oxygen Decreased cardiac workload Orthostatic hypotension Decrease venous return to the heart decreasing myocardial workload Photosensitivity Negative chronotropic effect Slow heart rate Negative inotropic effect Increased myocardial contraction Increased cardiac output Positive chronotropic effect

Answer 1

●ARBS is an antihypertensive medication. When this medicine is taken it blocks the Angiotensin II receptor which leads to vasodilation in the blood vessel reducing the secretion of vasopressin and aldosterone and decreasing the blood pressure (prevents angiotension 2 binding to angiotensin 2 > vasodilation>decreases blood pressure )

Ans:Binds with angiotensin II to block release of aldosterone

●The action of nitrates in the heart is to reduce pre load,after load and dilates the blood vessel decreasing the blood pressure. The blood supply volume is increased via artery and thus increasing the oxygen supply to the myocardial muscle

Ans:Decreases venous return to the heart,decreasing myocardial workload

●The common side effects of hydralaxine are

GI:nausea,vomiting, diarrhoea,anorexia,constipation

CNS:Headache,dizziness

CVS:chest pain,tachycardia.low blood pressure

Respiratory :dyspnea

Skeletal :joint pain,tremor

General:rash,itching ,swollen glands,infection,esinophilia

Ans:Constipation

●The main action of the calcium channel blocker in simple terms refers to blocking of calcium entering the heart cell, when there is reduction in calcium inside the cell the muscle contraction is reduced as a result  it causes vasodilation of the blood vessels and leads to decrease in blood pressure

Ans:These drugs block strong muscle contraction and cause vasodilation