Question

QUESTION 1.

Which of the following is produced by the cells of the Zona Glomerulosa?

Group of answer choices

Mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids

Glucagon

T₃ & T₄

DHEA

Question 2

During which phase of the cardiac cycle would you expect the pressure in the left ventricle to rise above the pressure in the aorta?

Group of answer choices

Isovolumetric filling

Ventricular diastole

Atrial systole

Isovolumetric relaxation

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 3

Which hormone increases both Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis?

Group of answer choices

DHEA

Insulin

Aldosterone

Glucagon

PTH

Question 4

Which of the following produces DHEA?

Group of answer choices

Zona Glomerulosa

Ovarian Follicle

Adrenal Medulla

Thyroid Follicle

Zona Reticularis

Question 5

Which term is defined as the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

Group of answer choices

CO

EDV

ESV

Preload

SV

Question 6

Which of the following waves on the EKG represents atrial depolarization?

Group of answer choices

QRS complex

T-wave

Q-wave

P-wave

Question 7

Which hormone increase Protein Synthesis, Lipolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis by stimulating the production of Insulin-Like growth factors in target tissues?

Group of answer choices

FSH

ACTH

LH

hGH

PTH

Question 8

The semilunar valves open at the end of which stage of the cardiac cycle?

Group of answer choices

Atrial Diastole

Isovolumertric Relaxation

Isovolumetric Contraction

Ventricular Systole

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of Angiotensin II?

Group of answer choices

Increase thirst for the intake of water

Helps increase blood volume

Vasoconstriction

Activation of Osteoblast and lowers blood calcium levels

Stimulate Aldosterone release

Question 10

Which wave on the EKG represents ventricluar repolarization and subsequent relaxation?

Group of answer choices

QRS complex

SA nodal wave

R-wave

T-wave

P-wave

Question 11

Which cell type produces Luteinizing Hormone?

Group of answer choices

Corticotrophs

Gonadotrophs

Chromaffian Cells

Somatotrophs

Interstitial Endocrinocytes

Question 12

Drugs that block the enzyme ACE prevent the formation of:

Group of answer choices

Antidiuretic Hormone

Fibrinogen I

Angiotensin II

Aldosterone II

Renin

Question 13

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus stimulate the release of:

Group of answer choices

Aldosterone from the kidney in response to dehydration

ADH from the posterior pituitary

Renin from the kidney in response to low blood pressure

Aldosterone from the kidney in response to low osmotic pressure

Angiotensinogen from the liver

Question 14

Nicole is a 48 year old patient that presents with high blood pressure, exophthalamus, tachycardia, nervous energy, elevated body temperature, and trouble gaining wieght; which hormone imbalance may be involved?

Group of answer choices

FSH

Insulin

Aldosterone

PTH

T3 & T4

Question 15

Which hormone is considered to be an Antagonist to Angiotensin II?

Group of answer choices

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Aldosterone

Antidiuretic Hormone

Parathyroid Hormone

Epinephrine

Question 16

The pressure in the left ventricle drops below the pressure in the left atrium during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Group of answer choices

Ventricular Systole

Atrial Systole

Isovolumetric Contraction

Isovolumetric Relaxation

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the Adrenal Cortext?

Group of answer choices

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Corticosterone

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Question 18

Which of the following receptors sends information about body movements to the cardiovascular center?

Group of answer choices

Baroreceptors

Proprioceptors

Chemoreceptors

Nociceptors

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly calculates stroke volume?

Group of answer choices

SV = EDV/ESV - Preload

SV = EDV - ESV

SV = ESV - EDV + CO

SV = Afterload - Preload

Question 20

Which term is defined as the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles every minute?

Group of answer choices

ESV

CO

SV

EDV

Afterload

Question 21

Which of the following is not a factor that affects stroke volume?

Group of answer choices

Net Filtration Pressure

Contractility

Afterload

Preload

Question 22

Which of the following would you expect to happen during a parasympathetic response?

Group of answer choices

CO increases

SV increases

ESV decreases

HR decreases

Question 23

Paracrines are:

Group of answer choices

Local hormones that act on neighboring cells

Cell Surface Receptors

Local hormones that act on the cell that produced them

Circulating hormones that act on neighboring cells

Intracellular Receptors

Question 24

Which hormone increases the activation of osteoclasts, induces the formation of Calcitriol, and increases the reabsorption of Calcium in the kidney?

Group of answer choices

Prolactin

Aldosterone

ADH

PTH

T3 & T4

Question 25

Which of the following is considered to be a positive inotropic agent?

Group of answer choices

Acetylcholine

Sodium receptor antagonists

Calcium channel blockers

Catecholamines

Question 26

Which of the following would be caused by severe dehydration?

Group of answer choices

Decreased SV

Decreased ESV

Increased preload

Increased afterload

Increased CO

Question 27

A primary effect of Mineralocorticoids is to promote:

Group of answer choices

Increased urine production

Excretion of sodium ions by the kidney

Reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney

Decreased blood glucose levels

Question 28

The primary stimulus that triggers the release of Insulin is:

Group of answer choices

Increased blood sugar

Insulin Releasing Hormone

Hypoglycemia

Insulin like growth factors

Pancreatic stimulating hormone

Question 29

The stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone is:

Group of answer choices

Parathyroid Stimulating Hormone

Low Blood Calcium Levels

Pituitary Stimulating Hormone

Low Blood Glucose Levels

Parathyroid Releasing Hormone

Question 30

Which of the following proteins is involved in the production of T3 & T4 hormones?

Group of answer choices

Angiotensinogen

Testosterone Binding Globulin

Thyroglobulin

Thyroxine Binding Globulin

Procarboxypeptidase

Question 31

Which part of the conduction system carries electricle impulses from the atria to the ventricles?

Group of answer choices

SA node

AV bundle

AV node

Bundle branches

Question 32

Which of the following would you expect to happen if venous return increases?

Group of answer choices

Preload decreases

ESV increases

CO decreases

EDV increases

Question 33

GnRH functions to:

Group of answer choices

Stimulate the release of FSH

Stimulate the release of Testosterone

Inhibit the release of CRH

Inhibit the release of Progesterone

Stimulate the release of ACTH

Question 34

Which heart valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Group of answer choices

Aortic semilunar valve

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Bicuspid valve

Question 35

Which of the following layers of the pericardium secretes pericardial fluid and is located closest to the hear wall?

Group of answer choices

Fibrous pericardium

Myocardial pericardium

Endocardium

Visceral serous pericardium

Parietal serous pericardium

Question 36

Which of the following types of ion channels open to induce rapid depolariztion in ventricular contractile fibers?

Group of answer choices

Voltage-gated sodium channels

Chemically-gated chloride channels

Voltage-gated calcium channels

Mechanically-gated potassium channels

Question 37

Production of Calcitriol is a major effect of:

Group of answer choices

Cortisol

TSH

Aldosterone

Calcitonin

PTH

Question 38

Which of the following is considered to be a Water Soluble Hormone?

Group of answer choices

Epinephrine

Cortisol

Nitric Oxide

T3

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Question 39

The primary target for ADH is the:

Group of answer choices

Interstitial Endocrinocytes

Corpus Luteum

Kidneys

Anterior Pituitary

Zona Glomerulosa

Question 40

Which of the following hormones is involved in lowering blood calcium levels?

Group of answer choices

Calcitriol

Oxytocin

PRL

Parathyroid Hormone

Calcitonin

Question 41

Mechanical stimulation of the nipple (baby suckling) is an important stimulus for the release of which hormone?

Group of answer choices

Estrogen

Oxytocin

FSH

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

DHEA

Question 42

Which of the following does not supply blood to the right atrium?

Group of answer choices

Coronary sinus

Superior vena cava

Right coronary arty

Inferior vena cava

Question 43

Which of the following equations is correct for the calculation of cardiac output?

Group of answer choices

CO = EDV - ESV

CO = HR * SV

CO = SV/EDV - HR

CO = (preload - afterload) * SV

Question 44

Which hormone increases protein catabolism and blood glucose levels and is an anti-inflammatory

Group of answer choices

Corticosterone

Glucagon

Gluconeogenesis

Aldosterone

Epinephrine

Question 45

Which of the follwoing would you expect to happen if the EDV decreases and the HR stays the same?

Group of answer choices

CO decreases

Preload increases

ESV decreases

Afterload increases

SV increases

Question 46

This enzyme is activated to produce cAMP during a second messenger system.

Group of answer choices

Adenylate Cyclase

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Protein Kinase

Renin

Angiotensinogen

Question 47

Which chamber of the heart ejects blood into the Pulmonary Trunk?

Group of answer choices

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Question 48

Which gland requires iodine to produce its hormone?

Group of answer choices

Thyroid gland

Adrenal Cortex

Pancreas

Parathyroid gland

Anterior Pituitary

Question 49

Which of the following is considered to be a positive chronotropic agent?

Group of answer choices

Sodium channel antagonists

Isoproterenol

Acetylcholine

Calcium channel blockers

Question 50

Which hormone regulates the secretion of hormones by Thyrotrophs?

Group of answer choices

TRH

ACTH

PRL

TSH

GnRH