Question

- True or False. Under most circumstances, staphylococcus can be found in ~80% of human population where it remains non-symptomatic.

- How can Staphylococcus be differentially tested?

- True or False. Only directly ingesting the pre-formed Clostridium toxin (neither the bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults.

- While visiting his grandparents, a 10-year-old child has green beans for dinner that were harvested from his grandparents’ garden and canned the previous year. Severe illness sets in and the child is taken to the hospital. Botulism is suspected, but what form? Explain your answer.

- True or False. Chlamydia is an obligate parasite and as such can be grown on agar plates alone.

- Match the following diseases with their respective symptoms if left untreated:

Gonorrhea  -

Syphilis  -

Chlamydia -

A. Paralysis, blindness and dementia
B. Painfully swollen lymph nodes
C. Cardiac and neurological complications
D. Respiratory failure associated with lock-jaw
E. Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.
F. Sore throat, ocular discharge and fever

- Syphilis is caused by:

A. Diplococcic bacteria
B. Staphylococcus bacteria
C. Gram-Negative spirochete
D. RNA virus

Answer 1

-The staphylococcus is nearly found in almost 30% of humans which are non symptomatic .This is mainly found in the nares.

Ans:False

-The staphylococcus can be differentially tested by using the following method

• Catalase test can be used to differentiate this bacteria from other groups of bacteria
• Coagulase test can be helpful differentiate the positive and negative bacteria

-Clostridium toxin are released by the Clostridium difficile. There is a risk of getting this infection from the spore form and as a bacteria)

False

- The child seems to have a foodborne botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum. This can cause fatal events when the infected food with the toxin of botulism is taken in a very smaller amount.This can be in the canned food items if not stored properly. The organism is present in the soil and be present in the vegetable (beans) and overtime its toxin are released.

- Chylamydia can cause fungal infection .Obligate parasites refers to the organism will be capable to grow only in a history which is alive. This microorganism can grow in the eukaryotic cells or it an obligate intracellular bacteria.It cannot be grown on agar plates.For eg. Chlamydia infection is a chief causative agent of vaginal disease in women

Ans:False

-Gonorrhea is an infection spread through sexual relationships. It can cause infertility, uterine problems, painful urination ,lower abdominal pain, discharge from intimate areas.Rearely cause fever, sore throat ,urgency to void

• Sore throat, occular discharge

Syphilis is also a STD.It can cause painless blisters ,sores, oral ulcers,rash,copper penny rash,alopecia ,weight loss,elevated body temperature,lymphnodes can swell up,headache, .Extreme stage can affect all the vital organs including the sensory system, cardiovascular, central nervous system

• Paralysis, blindness and dementia
• Cardiac and neurological complications

Chlamydia shows symptoms of intimate and occular  area discharge, painful micturation,

• Pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
• Painfully swollen lymph nodes
• Respiratory failure associated with lock jaw

The Treponema palladium causes Syphilis .It is a type of spirometer

Ans:C.Gram-Negative spirochete