Question

1. What was the indication for your patient’s C-section? Please explain why it was necessary for them to have a C-section over a vaginal delivery.

2. The five conditions listed below are common reasons for a C-section. Define the following conditions; discuss the significance, risks and why a cesarean section is indicated in these instances:

   1. Shoulder Dystocia:

   2. Prolapsed umbilical cord:

   3. Placenta previa:

   4. Placenta abruption:

   5. Fetal Malpresentation:

3. For each of the following periods listed below, describe the standard orders, policies and practices related to C-section:

   1. Pre-operatively:

   2. Intra-operatively:

   3. Post-operatively/Recovery:

4. For each of the following periods listed below, please explain what you observed for your patient having a C-section:

   1. Pre-operatively:

   2. Intra-operatively:

   3. Post-operatively/Recovery:

5. Explain the complications related to cesarean birth  

   1. Maternal

   2. Fetal  

6. Please explain how discharge education is different for a C-section patient?

Answer 1

There are many indications for the Cesarean section that include abnormal fetal heart rate, abnormal fetal position, labor dystocia, fetal malpresentation, multiple gestations, etc.vaginal  delivery in this condition can increase the risk for mother and child due to high blood loss and increase the chance of infection. to consider their safety doctor recommend c.section.
Shoulder dystopia:
After delivering the head of the baby their anterior shoulder gets caught inside the mother's public bone.
Significance is fetal macrosomia, gestational diabetes, use of the vacuum, maternal obesity. so there is a risk of injury to the mother and the infant.
the risk for the fetus can cause obstetric brachial plexopathy, clavicular fracture, and death. To avoid these risks doctors will suggest a quick C.section.
Prolapsed umbilical cord:
During the delivery, umbilical cord prolapse through the open cervix before the baby emerges.
There is a significant risk of cerebral palsy, neonatal or maternal mortality and it increases the risk for fetus due to less o2 supply that causes fetal death and hypoxia. there is a risk of brain damage and death.
If the cord prolopsed immediate c.section should be done to prevent the inadequate supply of oxygen to the fetus and prevent the blood loss.
Placenta previa:
It is a condition when the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix. Significance includes severe bleeding during pregnancy can cause maternal death.
The risk of placenta Previa includes maternal hemorrhage, vaginal bleeding, premature labor.
Early c.section is required for the safe delivery of the baby during 36th week of gestation
Placental abruption:
It occurs by separation of the placenta from the uterine lining before birth.
significance include heavy bleeding to the mother and oxygen and nutrition suppressions for the baby.
Risk include premature birth and low birth weight and fetal death.
placenta abruption needs the emergency c section to avoid the risk.
Fetal malpresentation:
it is called fetal malposition when the fetus part other than the head engages in the maternal pelvis.
Significance includes birth trauma in case of breech delivery. risk for the mother and baby due to prolapse of the umbilical cord, fetal hypoxia, bleeding, and fetal death.
Abnormal presentation of the fetus at any stage needs an emergency C section within 24 hours to avoid the complication.
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