Question

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A nurse is caring for a client who has recurrent lower urinary tract infections (UTIS). Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ganciclovir Nitrofurantoin Amphotericin B Azithromycin OEA e Type here to search

Answer 1

1 URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of microorganisms in the urinary tract.¨The organism present have the potential to invade the tissues of the urinary tract and adjacent structures.¨UTI is one of the most common diseases, occurring from the neonates up to the geriatric age group .

CLASSIFICATION

¨Lower UTI ; Cystitis (bladder), Urethritis (urethra)

¨Upper UTI ; Pyelonephritis (kidney)

TREATMENT

NON PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT

• ¨Intake of plenty of fluids
• ¨Maintain good hygiene especially after sexual intercourse¨
• Cranberry juice helps in preventing UTI   PHARMACOLOGICALTREATMENT
• 1 SULFAMETHOXAZOLE : (Sulfonamide) inhibit synthesis of tetrahydrofolate from PABA, thus preventing bacterial folate synthesis
• ADULT DOSE;Initially 2 gm PO, then 1 gm PO bd for severe infection
• 2 TRIMETHOPRIM : (Diaminopyrimidines) Synthetic folate antagonist, drug inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid
• ADULT DOSE;Uncomplicated UTI:100 mg PO bd or 200mg PO od for 10 days
• Prophylaxis of chronic and recurrent UTI:100 mg hs PO for 6 wks to 6 months
• 3CIPROFLOXACIN : (fluroquinolones) inhibit DNA gyrase, preventing bacterial DNA replication.
• ADULT DOSE;250 mg PO bd or 200 mg IV bd
• 4CO-AMOXICLAV : (Amoxicillin + Clavulunate) inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacteria.
• ADULT DOSE;375-625 mg PO tid
• 5CEFUROXIME SODIUM : (2nd gen cephalosporins) inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacteria.
• ADULT DOSE;750mg-1.5gm IM or IV tid for 5-10 days

2 ALBUTEROL (BETA2 AGONIST )

Adrenergic drugs acts by stimulating GPCRS that result in the activation of adenylyl cyclase and finally increase in cAMP,which cause bronchodilation. cAMP also decrease the mediator release from the mast cell.These drug also inhibit microvascular leakage and increase mucociliary transport by increasing ciliary activity .TACHYCARDIA and increase in BP are their side effect.

CHEST DISCOMFORT IS THE MAJOR ADVERSE EFFECT OF ALBUTEROL.