Question

Please select one from the following topics below. Discuss and give a summary, an example, and how it affects nursing or patient care. The post should be 4-5 paragraphs and be detailed and specific. please citation your work or reference.

1 - Informed Consent

2- Assault and battery

3- Mandatory reporting

4- Malpractice

5- Confidentiality (HIPPA)

6- Autonomy

7-Patient rights

8- Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

9 - Justice

10- Veracity

11- Code of Ethics for Nursing by the ANA

12- Role fidelity

13 - Nursing negligence

14- False imprisonment

15-Evidence-based practice

Answer 1

Informed consent: The process by which a patient learns about and understands the purpose, benefits, and potential risks of a medical or surgical intervention, including clinical trials, and then agrees to receive the treatment or participate in the trial. Informed consent generally requires the patient or responsible party to sign a statement confirming that they understand the risks and benefits of the procedure or treatment.

• Informed consent is based on the moral and legal premise of patient autonomy: You as the patient have the right to make decisions about your own health and medical conditions.
• You must give your voluntary, informed consent for treatment and for most medical tests and procedures. The legal term for failing to obtain informed consent before performing a test or procedure on a patient is called battery (a form of assault).
• For many types of interactions (for example, a physical exam with your doctor), implied consent is assumed.
• For more invasive tests or for those tests or treatments with significant risks or alternatives, you will be asked to give explicit (written) consent.
• Under certain circumstances, there are exceptions to the informed consent rule. The most common exceptions are these:
  • An emergency in which medical care is needed immediately to prevent serious or irreversible harm
  • Incompetence in which someone is unable to give permission (or to refuse permission) for testing or treatment

There are 4 components of informed consent:

• You must have the capacity (or ability) to make the decision.
• The medical provider must disclose information on the treatment, test, or procedure in question, including the expected benefits and risks, and the likelihood (or probability) that the benefits and risks will occur.
• You must comprehend the relevant information.
• You must voluntarily grant consent, without coercion or duress.

Some medical procedures that may require you to give written informed consent include:

• Radiation
• Chemotherapy (including targeted therapy and immunotherapy)
• Surgery
• Some complex or advanced medical tests and procedures, such as a biopsy(removing cells from a suspicious area so that they can be looked at in the lab to see if cancer cells are present)
• Some vaccines
• Some blood tests or other tests or procedures

here are times when the usual informed consent rules do not apply. This varies from state to state and may include:

• In an emergency, if a person is unconscious and in danger of death or other serious outcomes if medical care is not given right away, informed consent may not be required before treatment.
• If those who are giving treatment know that the patient has an advance directive that states the patient refuses the care, the treatment may not be given.
• When a decision made by the parent or guardian of a child or an incompetent adult may be challenged by the doctor or facility, the courts may evaluate the situation.
• An older teen (for example, one who is self-supporting and doesn't live at home, is married, pregnant, or in the military) does not need parental consent for treatments or procedures.

IMPORTANCE OF INFORMED CONSENT

informed consent ensures patients understand the risks they undertake with treatment, as there is no guarantee of positive results always.It is also the law. When patients agree to a treatment, they must sign paperwork indicating they understand the risks and agreeing doctors can take specific life-saving measures if needed.

Informed consent creates trust between doctor and patient by ensuring good understanding. It also reduces the risk for both patient and doctor. With excellent communication about risks and options, patients can make choices which are best for them and physicians face less risk of legal action.

To work effectively, informed consent must allow patients to make the decisions right for them. This means medical professionals must offer enough information to patients to enable them to make a choice and provide enough time, where possible, so patients don’t feel pressured. Pain, medication and some medical conditions can affect judgment and understanding, so doctors must consider these factors when seeking consent from a patient.

for example before any surgery or any procedure even a small one we never forget to get an informed consent from patient. The information contains title , investigations, procedure in detail, benefits , risks, compensation,confedenciality in detailed written document and the patient should sign the undertaking.