Question

• What trends, if any, have you noticed among the following conditions? Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and gastritis.

Answer 1

Pathophysiology - in GERD there is decrease tone of lower esophagus sphincter which cause regurgitation of acid in esophagus.

In peptic ulcer there is distraction of mucosal barriers of alkali because of H. PYLORI that cause ulcer in duodenum.

Gastritis causes by Autoimmune distraction of mucosal layers of upper gi tract

Clinical manifestation of all three are heart burn, dyspepsia, chest pain, anorexia etc

Treatment - Symptomatic treatment consists

Proton pump inhibitors - omeprazole

Ranitidine

Surgical

For GERD- fundoplication

For peptic ulcer - vagotomy