Chronic kidney disease have 5 stage on base GFR and albuminuria
Stage 1st normal or with high GFR > 90ml/min
Stage 2nd mild ckd GFR 60-89ml/min
Stage 3- moderate ckd GFR 30- 59ml/min
Stage 4 severe ckd GFR 15- 29ml/min
Stage 5 end stage ckd GFR <15 ml/min
Pathophysiology - most common cause of ckd is debetic mellitus
Microvascular injury of kidney glomerular produce proteinuria and increase aldosterone level so present hypertension
Loss of sodium and water
Clinical feature- hypertensive, vitamin d deficiency, anemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria
Treatment - for early stage give antihypertensive
Control high lipid level- give satins
Give vitamin d
Enthropoitin for rbc formation
For end stage renal disease- plasmapheresis
Renla transplant
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