Question

-regulation is used to describe the "turning on" of protein synthesis by cell signaling. 38. The term on a. b. up forward c. d. start 39. The three steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order from left to right, are: translation, transcription, and cell signaling. transcription, translation, and cell signaling. cell signaling, transcription, and translation. cell signaling, translation, and transcription a. b. c. d. the protein. 40. You are making a scrambled egg for breakfast. When you heat the egg, you are destroying metabolizing hydrolyzing denaturing a. b. C. d.

Answer 1

Ans) 38) b. Up

Explaination:

- In the biological context of organisms' production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the quantity of a cellular component, such as RNA or protein, in response to an external stimulus. The complementary process that involves increases of such components is called upregulation

39) b. Transcription, translation, cell signaling

Explaination:

- Protein synthesis: consists of two processes — transcription and translation. In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The molecule of mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to make a protein. These two processes are summed up by the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.

Transcription
Transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA. It is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA. During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made to complement a strand of DNA.

Translation
Translation is the second part of the central dogma of molecular biology: RNA → Protein. It is the process in which the genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein. Translation is illustrated in the diagram below. After mRNA leaves the nucleus, it moves to a ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in mRNA, and molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.

Cell signaling:

- Cells have proteins called receptors that bind to signaling molecules and initiate a physiological response. Because membrane receptors interact with both extracellular signals and molecules within the cell, they permit signaling molecules to affect cell function without actually entering the cell.

40) d. Denaturing

Explaination:

- Denaturation is what happens when heat is applied to the eggs. The heat coming from your stove denatures the protein by disrupting some of its bonds that held the molecule into shape. In the case of hard-boiled eggs, the proteins clump together and solidify, causing the egg white and yolk to harden.