Question

what is (are) the main independent variables (those that will help you answer your question)? Are these variable truly exogenous (is assumption MLR.4 "E(u|X) = 0" satisfied or not?) Does the main independent variable depend on the dependent variable? Justify.

Answer 1

The two main variablesin an experiment are theindependent anddependent variable. Anindependent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is thevariable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

Dependent and independent variables are variables in mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences. Independent variables are controlled inputs. Dependent variables represent the output or outcome resulting from altering these inputs.

Of the two, it is always the dependent variable whose variation is being studied, by altering inputs, also known as regressors in a statistical context. In an experiment, any variable that the experimenter manipulates can be called an independent variable. Modelsand experiments test the effects that the independent variables have on the dependent variables. Sometimes, even if their influence is not of direct interest, independent variables may be included for other reasons, such as to account for their potential confounding effect.

y= -x-2

The dependent variable is 'dependent' on the independent variable. As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the effect on the dependent variable is observed and recorded.

Independent and Dependent Variable Example

For example, a scientist wants to see if the brightness of light has any effect on a moth being attracted to the light. The brightness of the light is controlled by the scientist. This would be the independent variable. How the moth reacts to the different light levels (distance to light source) would be the dependent variable.

How to Tell the Variables Apart

The independent and dependent variables may be viewed in terms of cause and effect. If the independent variable is changed, then an effect is seen in the dependent variable. Remember, the values of both variables may change in an experiment and are recorded. The difference is that the value of the independent variable is controlled by the experimenter, while the value of the dependent variable only changes in response to the independent variable.

Remembering Variables With DRYMIX

When results are plotted in graphs, the convention is to use the independent variable as the x-axis and the dependent variable as the y-axis. The DRY MIX acronym can help keep the variables straight....

Independent vs Dependent Variable Key Takeaways

• The independent and dependent variables are the two key variables in a science experiment.
• The independent variable is the one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable.
• The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If the independent variable changes, then the dependent variable is affected