Question

couuld you please help me with [ part A & B ] in clear handwriting ? Thank you !!

a) What is a low-temperature plasma? What are the main plasma agents through which plasmas find many applications in medicine? Provide one application example and explain how the main plasma agents realize their biological effects. (b) What is electroporation? What are the key parameters with which to manipulate the effects of electroporation? When is an electroporation process is reversible? How much is the electric field for reversible electroporation?

Answer 1

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Low-temperature plama', w pressure plasma generated olequency elecoeic fields is low by high temperature plasma. Because of moderate temperature almost any temperature sensitive substrate uncluding plastic can be treated by low temperature plasma. * main plasma agents: » Plasma fluid in our lody carnes Llolcood components throughout the body. → It is made up of water , salts, A protein and enzymes. s Main Ircele cof plasma iu tee take nutrients, harmones and prottins the parts of - the body that need it. when you donate blood, healthcare providers separate these vital parts from your plasma. These plasma concenteated into Voucous porcedlucts are used in treatments that can save lives of people suffering from burns, shock, trauma and other medical emergencies - the proteins and antibodies in plasma are used in therapies far diare chrcnic diseases and conditions - * Application Example; → In disinfection : Cold atmasphouc Pressure Plasma is effectively used against a ieter of bacteria uincluding impcesteint skin and wound pathogens. It effectively vad heals the wound .

- Un scan theatment alsce plasma an skin tumars. car treatment alsce plasma is used. Colol a atmospheric plasma is used in any cancer and tumor therapy .. it single plasma treatment inducono allation treatment induced abla of tumor and decreased the growth rate markedly. * now main plasma realize their bicological effect:- > mechanisms of plasima interacticon ceith living tissues can be quite complex. firstly the primary target is the cell membrane as most processes occur an cell membrane. Like for example for treating a ctumer cer cancer cell the target is firstly the cell membrane. However, there are bicological consequences of plasma treatment where plasma initiates catalyzes can helps sustain a comples bicological response. Plasma effects can be quite selective and it depends on treatment of doses such as low plasma debe intermediate dose a higher doses.

[b] * Electerenouaticen.. saties te action or process cef introducing DNA cez chrcemoescomes into lachovia (09 cotheru cells using a pulse of electricity to open the pores in cell membrane briefly. It involves application of high voltage electric pulses for very short duration The enhance the skin permeability deversibly. for macromolecules. . s It is used for cell transformation, DNA transfer o bacteria , Jeast and plant protoplasts and introduction of foreign genes in tissile culture cells. * manipulate effects There are a number of factors that can influence efficiency of gene electrotransfer such as temperature , parameters of electric pulses, DNA concentration , electroporation luffer used, cell size and ability of cells to express transfected genes. All these parameters must o be effectively maintained dwing the whale process. when is elicticeporation pricocess lleversible . Reversible electroporation occurs when the electricity applied cuith the electrodes is below the electric fieldl threshold of the target tissue. at range of electric field for leversible electroporation : The reversible electroporation 7 thresholds for the bacteria

were found to be 3-6kvlem, which should be lower than irreversible threshold. » From external applied rectages reversible electroporation started from 4 Upp to 8 pp. Vep means Peak-to - Peak reeltage