Question

What is the advantage of regenerating the heart using tissue-engineered replacements rather than direct cell injection into the heart? (15), (words should not exceed 200)

Answer 1

Advantages of heart regeneration by tissue-engineered replacements over direct cell injection into the heart are immense. Tissue reengineered replacement myocytes have the right microenvironment required for dividing and regenerating heart tissue. The direct cell injection may introduce the myocytes but does not ensure that the cells will divide depending on the injury. The tissue engineered cells can also synthesize the extracellular matrix as they are in confined environments of the scaffold. Scaffolds provide high porosity and an environment that is similar to the extracellular matrix. The type of scaffold can also be selected that suits the type of injury. Thus, they can form interconnection between them. In direct injection, a major proportion of cells may leak out of the needle when puncturing or may enter the systemic circulation. This leads to loss of cells. Viability of cells may also be hampered. Engineered cells will have increased viability, also with stimulation for the formation of vasculature, myofibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. Angiogenesis, myocardial infusion and release of cytokines can also be stimulated by addition of appropriate cell signaling molecules, which is not possible with direct addition of cells.