7. During the final stage of the animal cell cycle, a cleavage furrow forms to pinch the two daughter cells apart thus ending cytokinesis. During plant cell division, this is replaced by cell plate formation.
8. In the adult body of mammals, many of the body cells continuously divide but some like neurons, cardiac muscle cells and some fat cells stop dividing.
9. Telomeres, structures at the end of chromosomes that shorten after each division. They are compared to the plastic tips of shoe laces.
10. Apoptosis is a process that programs the cell to breakdown and deteriorates due to various reasons from being old and worn out, damaged, and sometime malformed.
11. Cancer is best defined as the process whereby cells divide uncontrollably. This division is usually the result of an accumulation of mutations or aberrations (changes in the genetic makeup in a cell).
12.
A. Tumor abnormal cell mass
B. Carcinoma cancer of epithelial tissues
C. Benign tumor describes non-cancerous tumors or moles
D. Malignancy describes cancerous growths or moles
E. Leukemia cancer of the blood
F. Sarcoma cancer of the connective tissues and bones
G. Metastasis describes a cancer that has spread
13. Characteristics of cancer:
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