Question

- Match the descriptions with the study type A large group of people are enrolled in a study to investigate the effeets of diet on A. Cross sectional study heart disease. Everyone is free of heart disease at the start of the study and people BD B. Prospective Cohort study are followed for 10 years to see if disease develops. What study design is this? C. Retrospective Cohort study D.RCT Researchers wish to investigate the association between complications during Caesarian section delivery and hospital of choice. They recruit a group of 500,000 E. Case control study women in New York City of all ages, ethnicities and social backgrounds and record whether the women have ever had a C-section delivery and the hospital at which they gave birth. What type of study is this? There is a new smoking reduction product on the market, oral nicotine inhalers, that researchers wish to test the effectiveness of. They recruit smokers for a study and randomly divide them into two groups. One group receives the oral nicotine inhalers and the other group receives nicotine gum. The researchers measure the number of cigarettes smoked by the individuals in each group for a period of 6 months. What study design is this? An ecological study was done and found an association between dietary intake and different types of cancers. Researchers wish to test whether this is a true association. They recruit cancer patients from a hospital and interview them to gather information about their diet. They ask the cancer patients specifically about their consumption of artificial sweeteners. What study design is this? Researchers wish to explore whether the chemicals used in tire manufacturing increase the risk of death. They access the past employee records of a now closed tire manufacturing plant and categorize the employees into two groups: those who worked directly in the manufacturing process and those who worked in an office. They follow up with the employees to see how many died in each group. What study design is this?

Answer 1

First description is B)prospective cohort study.

A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.

Second description is A)cross sectional study.

A cross-sectional study is defined as an observational research type that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point of time across a sample population. population or a pre-defined subset.

Third description is D) RCT ie randomised controlled trial.

RCTs are quantitative, comparative, controlled experiments in which investigators study two or more interventions in a series of individuals who receive them in random order.

Fourth description is E)case control study.

A case–control study is a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute. Case–control studies are often used to identify factors that may contribute to a medical condition by comparing subjects who have that condition/disease (the "cases") with patients who do not have the condition/disease but are otherwise similar.

Fifth description is C) Retrospective cohort study.

Retrospective cohort studies are a type of observational research in which the investigator looks back in time at archived or self-report data to examine whether the risk of disease was different between exposed and non-exposed patients.