Question

5-BRh+ blood type can be donated to which blood type patients? Please mention all the possibi type recipients 6-What is the difference between a B lymphocyte and a T lymphocyte? 7-What can produce lung collapse? Please explain how it is produced in terms of the pressures associated to the lungs cavities 8-Which muscle helps to close the eyes? 9-A hererozygous B blood type man marries with a homozygous A blood type lady. How many different blood type babies may they have? What are those blood types? 10-in which clinical condition a RhoGAM vaccine is administered to a lady? Please explain your answer 11-What are our natural Complement proteins? Why are they necessary?

Answer 1

5) BRh+ can be donated to two types of blood group patients. They are BRh+ and ABRh+.

6) Both are generated in the bone marrow from the lymphoid common progenitor.

T cells undergo maturation in the thymus ( hence the name thymocytes), B cells undergo maturation in bone marrow ( hence the name B cells)

Both migrate to the blood stream after maturation.

Two types of active T lymphocytes are present: Cytotoxic T cells responsible for destruction of pathogenic infected cells and Helper T cells responsible for activating cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and B cells. Where one type of active B cells are present:plasma cells capable of secreting antigen specific antibodies.

Activated T cells present antigen receptors on their membrane and are not capable of secreting antibodies while activated B cells are responsible for antibody secretion.

7) lung collapse occurs when air escapes from the lung and gills the space outside the lung between lung and chest wall, creating pressure so that lung cannot expand as it does during normal breathing.

Lung collapse is also called pneumothorax

Lung collapse is caused by trauma, cigarette smoking, certain lung disease and drug abuse.

When air enters into the pleural cavity.. the air in the pleural cavity increases pressure on the lung causing lung collapse

8) Orbicularis oculi is the muscle present in the face helps in closing eyelids. Frontalis muscle helps in raising the eyebrows.

9) when a heterozygous B type blood man marries a homozygous A blood type women two different blood type babies can be born. They are Homozygous A blood type and Heterozygous AB blood type.

10) RHoGAM vaccine is given to all the pregnant women within 72hrs of exposure to Rh positive blood. To prevent sensitization occurring late in the pregnancy RHoGAM vaccine is given. This treatment prevents mothers immune system from making antibodies against fetus Rh positive reb blood cells.

11) Natural complement proteins are small proteins that are synthesized by the liver, circulate in the blood as inactive precursors. When stimulated they cleave specific proteins to release cytokines and initiates an amplifying cascade. These complement proteins are necessary for the destruction of pathogens. They also make pathogens more attractive to pathogenic cells like macrophages (opsonization)