Question

1. Maya wanted to learn to play the piano well, but she hated to practice. Her teacher felt that she should be practicing for an hour a day, but she just couldn’t manage to do it. Her mother made a deal with her. Maya would be asked to practice twice a day, and each time that she practiced for 30 minutes, she would receive a reward. Her mother told her that since she wasn’t sure which reward would be best for her, she would receive either extra dessert after dinner or $2.00 for each practice that lasted 30 minutes. Her mother alternated the rewards and kept track of which system resulted in the most immediate increases in the number of 30-minute practice sessions. Maya’s mother found that the money improved the practice best.

1. What was the Independent Variable(s)?
2. What was the Dependent Variable(s)?
3. What Single Subject design is used in the story?

2. A teacher is interested in the effects of the use of programmed learning materials as supplementary aids in an advanced foreign language course. She is interested in the amount of foreign language vocabulary learned during one college semester. There are 92 students enrolled in four advanced French classes who are taught by this teacher. These students make up the subjects for the experiment. Two of the classes of students have access to the programmed learning material and the other two classes do not. Discuss an experimental design that would be appropriate for this situation. Is it necessary that the instructor use a pretest? Consider the matter of control. What procedures would be necessary for adequate internal validity? Comment on the external validity of this experiment

Answer 1

1a. The independent variable is the type of reward.

1b. The dependent variable is number of practice sessions.

1c. The single subject design used in the study is the multi element design.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.

Answer 2

Maya was a butter , earrings