Question

CASE STUDIES 12-year-old gymnast fell on an outstretched arm. She felt intense pain in the shoulder and couldn't move the arm e shoulder sagged down and forward. There is a visible "lump" midway between her shoulder and sternum What type injury might be suspected? Which bone would be injured? Which muscle would pull up on the medial fragment of the injured bone? What causes the shoulder to sag? football player received a blow to the lower right leg. He was in pain and not able to stand. X-rays showed a piral fracture to the lateral bone. . What is the lateral bone of the lower leg? 2. Briefly explain the characteristics of a spiral fracture. 3. Which muscles overlie this bone? 4. Which nerve might be damaged in this injury? 5. Which foot actions might be impaired?

Answer 1

Answer 1 -

1. Fracture injury

2. Clavicle (Collar bone) - bone between the sternum and shoulder blade (scapula)

3. Medial fragment of the injured bone is elevated by unopposed pull of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

4. There occurs sagging of shoulder downwards and forward because after fracture , the medial fragment of the clavicle is

elevated by sternocleidomastoid muscle , but the lateral fragment drops because of the weight of the upper limb .

Answer 2-

1. Fibula

2. Spiral fracture is also called as torsion fracture is a type of complete fracture . It occurs due to twisting or rotational force .

Characterstic features-

• The broken bone in spiral fracture resembles like a corkscrew , as the break in the bone has occured diagonally across it .
• High energy force is required .
• Spiral fracture Can be of 2 types - Displaced or Stable

3. Peroneus longus , Peroneus brevis , Tibialis posterior , Flexor hallucis longus , Soleus

4. Fracture at the neck of fibula- Common peroneal nerve

Fracture on the shaft - Superficial peroneal nerve .