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Let us start with the usual conditional probability exercise Let Sn be the random walk S,...
Let us consider the biased random walk S,-X1 +X2+···+X,, with S: is a sequence of independent...
Let us consider the biased random walk S,-X1 +X2+···+X,, with S: is a sequence of independent randon variables with P(X,--1)-g,P(X.-1) p+q=1 and Mt Show that M.-Sn-b- calculate Elr), where τ = inf{n : S" = a or-6) with a, b > 0. 0. where Xi, X2 p. where g)n is a martingale. Use this martingale to
Problem 5.4 (10 points) Let (Sn)n-01. be a simple, symmetric random walk with starting value So-s e R. (a) Show that ES for alln0 b) Show that ElSn+1 Sn] Sn for 0. (c)Suppose that (Sn)n-0,12,. . deno...
Problem 5.4 (10 points) Let (Sn)n-01. be a simple, symmetric random walk with starting value So-s e R. (a) Show that ES for alln0 b) Show that ElSn+1 Sn] Sn for 0. (c)Suppose that (Sn)n-0,12,. . denotes the profit and loss from $1 bets of a gambler with initial capital So-s who is repeatedly playing a fair game with 50% chances to win or lose her stake. What are the interpretations of the results in (a) and (b)?
Problem 5.4...
Exercise 5.23. Let (Xn)nz1 be a sequence of i.i.d. Bernoulli(p) RVs. Let Sn -Xi+Xn (i) Let...
Exercise 5.23. Let (Xn)nz1 be a sequence of i.i.d. Bernoulli(p) RVs. Let Sn -Xi+Xn (i) Let Zn-(Sn-np)/ V np (1-p). Show that as n oo, Zn converges to the standard normal RV Z~ N(0,1) in distribution. (ii) Conclude that if Yn~Binomial(n, p), then (iii) From i, deduce that have the following approximation x-np which becomes more accurate as n → oo.
Let X,, X,,... be independent and identically distributed (iid) with E X]< co. Let So 0, S,X, n 2 1 The process (S., n 0 is called a random walk process. ΣΧ be a random walk and let λ, i >...
Let X,, X,,... be independent and identically distributed (iid) with E X]< co. Let So 0, S,X, n 2 1 The process (S., n 0 is called a random walk process. ΣΧ be a random walk and let λ, i > 0, denote the probability 7.13. Let S," that a ladder height equals i-that is, λ,-Pfirst positive value of S" equals i]. (a) Show that if q, then λ¡ satisfies (b) If P(X = j)-%, j =-2,-1, 0, 1, 2,...
4. Let {Sn,n > 0} be a symmetric Random Walk on Z. with So-0. Defined Y,...
4. Let {Sn,n > 0} be a symmetric Random Walk on Z. with So-0. Defined Y, max{Sk, 1 3 k S nt, for n 2 0, prove, thanks to a counterexample, that Y is not a Markov Chain
v Problem 5 Let Xi, і ї, , n, n-256, be i.i.d. Pois(1)-random variables, and Sn-...
v
Problem 5 Let Xi, і ї, , n, n-256, be i.i.d. Pois(1)-random variables, and Sn- il Xi. a) Using Chebychev's inequality, estimate the probability that P(Sn > 2E S]).
in 4. Suppose that {Xk, k > 1} is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with...
in 4. Suppose that {Xk, k > 1} is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with P(X1 = +1) = 1. Let Sn = 2h=1 Xk (i.e. Sn, n > 1 is a symmetric simple random walk with steps Xk, k > 1). (a) Compute E[S+1|X1, ... , Xn] for n > 1. Hint: Check out Example 3.8 in the lecture notes (Version Mar/04/2020) for inspiration. (b) Find deterministic coefficients an, bn, Cn possibly depending on n so that Mn...
1. Let X and Y be random variables with joint probability density function flora)-S 1 (2...
1. Let X and Y be random variables with joint probability density function flora)-S 1 (2 - xy) for 0 < x < 1, and 0 <y <1 elsewhere Find the conditional probability P(x > ]\Y < ).
7. Let X a be random variable with probability density function given by -1 < x < 1 fx(x) otherwise (a) Find the...
7. Let X a be random variable with probability density function given by -1 < x < 1 fx(x) otherwise (a) Find the mean u and variance o2 of X (b) Derive the moment generating function of X and state the values for which it is defined (c) For the value(s) at which the moment generating function found in part (b) is (are) not defined, what should the moment generating function be defined as? Justify your answer (d) Let X1,...
Please do exercise 129: Exercise 128: Define r:N + N by r(n) = next(next(n)). Let f:N...
Please do exercise 129:
Exercise 128: Define r:N + N by r(n) = next(next(n)). Let f:N → N be the unique function that satisfies f(0) = 2 and f(next(n)) =r(f(n)) for all n E N. 102 1. Prove that f(3) = 8. 2. Prove that 2 <f(n) for all n E N. Exercise 129: Define r and f as in Exercise 128. Assume that x + y. Define r' = {(x,y),(y,x)}. Let g:N + {x,y} be the unique function that...
Let us consider the biased random walk S,-X1 +X2+···+X,, with S: is a sequence of independent randon variables with P(X,--1)-g,P(X.-1) p+q=1 and Mt Show that M.-Sn-b- calculate Elr), where τ = inf{n : S" = a or-6) with a, b > 0. 0. where Xi, X2 p. where g)n is a martingale. Use this martingale to
Problem 5.4 (10 points) Let (Sn)n-01. be a simple, symmetric random walk with starting value So-s e R. (a) Show that ES for alln0 b) Show that ElSn+1 Sn] Sn for 0. (c)Suppose that (Sn)n-0,12,. . denotes the profit and loss from $1 bets of a gambler with initial capital So-s who is repeatedly playing a fair game with 50% chances to win or lose her stake. What are the interpretations of the results in (a) and (b)?
Problem 5.4...
Exercise 5.23. Let (Xn)nz1 be a sequence of i.i.d. Bernoulli(p) RVs. Let Sn -Xi+Xn (i) Let Zn-(Sn-np)/ V np (1-p). Show that as n oo, Zn converges to the standard normal RV Z~ N(0,1) in distribution. (ii) Conclude that if Yn~Binomial(n, p), then (iii) From i, deduce that have the following approximation x-np which becomes more accurate as n → oo.
Let X,, X,,... be independent and identically distributed (iid) with E X]< co. Let So 0, S,X, n 2 1 The process (S., n 0 is called a random walk process. ΣΧ be a random walk and let λ, i > 0, denote the probability 7.13. Let S," that a ladder height equals i-that is, λ,-Pfirst positive value of S" equals i]. (a) Show that if q, then λ¡ satisfies (b) If P(X = j)-%, j =-2,-1, 0, 1, 2,...
4. Let {Sn,n > 0} be a symmetric Random Walk on Z. with So-0. Defined Y, max{Sk, 1 3 k S nt, for n 2 0, prove, thanks to a counterexample, that Y is not a Markov Chain
v
Problem 5 Let Xi, і ї, , n, n-256, be i.i.d. Pois(1)-random variables, and Sn- il Xi. a) Using Chebychev's inequality, estimate the probability that P(Sn > 2E S]).
in 4. Suppose that {Xk, k > 1} is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with P(X1 = +1) = 1. Let Sn = 2h=1 Xk (i.e. Sn, n > 1 is a symmetric simple random walk with steps Xk, k > 1). (a) Compute E[S+1|X1, ... , Xn] for n > 1. Hint: Check out Example 3.8 in the lecture notes (Version Mar/04/2020) for inspiration. (b) Find deterministic coefficients an, bn, Cn possibly depending on n so that Mn...
1. Let X and Y be random variables with joint probability density function flora)-S 1 (2 - xy) for 0 < x < 1, and 0 <y <1 elsewhere Find the conditional probability P(x > ]\Y < ).
7. Let X a be random variable with probability density function given by -1 < x < 1 fx(x) otherwise (a) Find the mean u and variance o2 of X (b) Derive the moment generating function of X and state the values for which it is defined (c) For the value(s) at which the moment generating function found in part (b) is (are) not defined, what should the moment generating function be defined as? Justify your answer (d) Let X1,...
Please do exercise 129:
Exercise 128: Define r:N + N by r(n) = next(next(n)). Let f:N → N be the unique function that satisfies f(0) = 2 and f(next(n)) =r(f(n)) for all n E N. 102 1. Prove that f(3) = 8. 2. Prove that 2 <f(n) for all n E N. Exercise 129: Define r and f as in Exercise 128. Assume that x + y. Define r' = {(x,y),(y,x)}. Let g:N + {x,y} be the unique function that...
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