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170 Test 18 Name 1. During the perlod of 2. During Chemical Evolution, elemerts reacted with each other to form smaliInorganic molecules As a resut which of the followig 3. In the theory of chemical evolution, the formation of th proto cell with a phospholipid bilayer was important because a) the t e Chemical Ewoludion tour elements made up 9e% f the molecus ws s not one of these elements? a) Oxygen,(0), bj Niterogen (N, cj Neon ("e), d) Hydrogen ('H), ej Carbon r Which of the Oxng untsisthought to have been acrtical solertfor eleneres ard single molocies? a)For aidetydeb)Caton de udec)war Oxygen e) Ammonia micele fomed spontaneously because of the properties of the polymer and acted as a barrier to movement of moleculies through the bilayer b) Diffusion of o through the bilayer occurmed easily. C) Al ionic molecules moved easily through the blayer. d) The bilayer allowed molecules in the ntermal environment to mix with the prebiotic soup outside the micelle. i chemically react with H-O, j dissociate, c) solidity d) fomm covalent bonds with HO 4. lonic 5. During Chemical Evolution, phospholpids are formed by dohydration synthesis invoving alGlycerol+2 taily acids glucose b Triglycerides phosphate.c) Glucose + 2 fatty acids phosphate.d) Glycerol 3 fatty acids 6 uipid soluble molecules such as steroids can pass across (dissolve in) he proto cell phospholigid bilayer because they a) pertom synthesis, b) dissolve in water, c) are ionic, d) because they a soluble in the Fatty Acids of the bilayer, ej none are tue .A molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and axygen in a 1.2:1 ratio is a (n: a) amino acid b) lipid c) protein d) monosaccharide 8. Mller conducted experiments that demonstrated the hypothesis of chemical evolution could occur. Which of the tollowing molecules did he denonstate could haveformed spontaneously in the Earth's period of Chemical e oltin? a)00b) CO, c)M,Otoe)aloftese because they dissolved into the first oceans to form more complex molecules . A solution that has a Ph of 9.0 is: a) a basic, b) neutral cj become neutral fOH is added to H-0, ) an acid, ej none of these are true. 10. DNA and RNA are polymers consisting of monomers called a] amino acids b) dsaccharides c) Ca Ce) nucleic acids e) nucleotides 1. When amino acids are joined by the formation of peptide bonds, a molecale of is produced. al Water b) carbon @) methane d) chitn 12 The macromolecule that can bind to deaxyrbose nucleodes and to amino acidsis a) glucose b) RNA e) Homones d) Proteins e) DNA 13. What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA? a) adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine b) alanine, tryptophan,cysteine, glycine ) adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil d) alanine, guano, valine and tyrosine, ej none are correct 14. Different amino acids are distinguished by a) the composition (structure) of their side chains, or TR-groups" bij the location of their carbory group d) he location of adenine, thymine. cytosine, guanine R groups d) the repeating N-C-C structure of the chain,e) none of these. theory of Chemical Evolution, polypeptide molecules have the potential for great biological importance because al the 20 15 Within the potential monomers are connected in long, chains, b) unique shapes, c) The shape of each polypeptide is related to the types of 'R" groups, d) Small changes in the sequence of amino change the shape of the polypeptide. e) All are true. their specific shapes enables polypepöides to specifically bind other molecules that have 16. Gliven your understanding of Chemical Evolution what would cause the formnation of the polysaccharide, celulose, to form in a)High amounts of polypeptides b) high glucose, C) high chitin d) highcenlose e) ai ae about the same micelle? related to ther al R groups, b) repeating N-C-CN-C-C part of the than the other. e) One element is ionic and the other is covalent 17. The functional importance of the complex shapes of Nucleic acids is molecular chain, c) Nitrogenous bases bound to the pentose molecule, d) Nitrgenos bases bound to the Phosphate, e) All are true. 8.A covalent bond is likely to be polar when: al the unit formed has no charge. b) The two atoms are ionic. c) One atom completely takes electron(s) from the other. d) One of the atoms is more electronegative

Answer 1

Ans 1) During the period of chemical evolution four elements made up 96% of the molecules that will be involved in living systems. The element which is not one of the following is neon. The rest are important and essential elements that made the Earth and constituted everything.

Ans 2) The molecule is thought to have been critical solvent for elements and simple molecules during chemical evolution is water. It is present everything and required for the chemical evolution of all sorts of molecules.

Ans 3) a) The micelle formed spontaneously because of the properties of the polymer and acted as barrier to movement of molecules through the bilayer. It led to restricted movement of the molecules.

Ans 4) d) Form covelent bonds with water. Since it forms covalent bonds, it tends to dissolve in presence of water.