Question

In the last two decades, several vector-borne diseases have emerged as major causes of human morbidity and mortality. All four serotypes of Dengue virus have emerged in Central and South America and in the Caribbean. Chikungunya has re-emerged on the Indian sub-continent and Japanese encephalitis has been seen for the first time in India and Pakistan. In the last decade, the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis has increased dramatically in Russia, eastern and central Europe and yellow fever has emerged in West Africa.

What are the myriad reasons that faciliate the emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne infectious diseases?

Answer 1

The resons attributed for the ecological changes include agricultural or economic development that cause anomalies in climate; human demographic changes and behavior;globilization of commerce and trade; nuemrous technology and industry; dense population; life style changes that affect hygiene; microbial adaptation and change; and inefficient of public health measures.Following measure could influence and reemergence of the vector borne diseases:

• The Paradigm Shift from Top-Down Direction to Local Level Decision whom know bettwe about the vector prevalence.
• Surveillance and Control of vactors
• Emphasis on Intradomicile Vector Control
• Integrated Disease Preventions
• Vector Control and Vaccines

• Expansion of GIS to exploit information and need for many robust models for predicting and preventing the emergence of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases

• Exploration of innovative systems involve surveillanceof vector.

• Research efforts to promote the armamentarium for vector control, including improved pesticides and formulations.

• Introduce some novel strategies to prolong pesticide usage, new repellents, and new biopesticides and biocontrol agents to augment chemical pesticides.