Question

answer correctly and explain for credit please

1. reaction ADP + Pi -> ATP is highly endergonic. In substrate-level phosphorylation, where does the energy required for ATP synthesis come from?

2. reaction ADP + Pi -> ATP is highly endergonic. In oxidative phosphorylation, where does the energy required for ATP synthesis come from? Define oxidative phosphorylation

3 In terms of the energy that drives ATP synthesis, what is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation?

4 In animal cells, such as most of your cells, where does the majority of ATP that is used in reactions in the cytosol and nucleus come from? (State the location where most of this ATP is made, AND whether it is substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation.)

5 In leaf cells of a plant, where does the majority of ATP that is used in reactions in the cytosol and nucleus come from? (State the location where most of this ATP is made, AND whether it is substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation.)

Answer 1

1. Answer: In substrate-level phosphorylation, direct phosphorylation of ADP with a phosphate group takes place which obtained energy from chemical bonds of molecules or coupled reaction.

2. Answer: Proton gradient provides energy in oxidative phosphorylation from the oxidized NADH and FADH. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria that consist of ETC (Electron Transport Chain) and Chemiosmosis.  

Oxidative phosphorylation: It is a process by which reduced co-enzymes oxidized and electrical energy used for phosphorylation.

3. Answer: The key difference between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation are as follows;

• Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in inner mitochondrial membrane whare as photophosphorylation occur in chloroplast.
• Photophosphorylation mechanism dependent on light energy while oxidative phosphorylation process equally occurs in both light or darkness.

4. Answer: Most of the ATPs formed in mitochondria (power house of the cell). Oxidative phosphorylation is one of the metabolic process in which the maximum number of ATPs are produced.