Question

F) In the case of most animal cells, such as most of your cells, where does the majority of ATP that is used in reactions in the cytosol and nucleus come from? (State the location where most of this ATP is made, AND whether it is substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation.) G) In the case of the leaf cells of a plant, where does the majority of ATP that is used in reactions in the cytosol and nucleus come from? (State the location where most of this ATP is made, AND whether it is substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, or photophosphorylation.)

Answer 1

F) The maximum number of ATP in the animal cell is made in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis. Although glucolysis in the cytosol also produce 2 ATP per glucose but in the mitochondria the major portion of the ATP is synthesized by the ATP synthase. The products of the metabolic recations like NADH, FADH2 are utilised by the electron transport chain to generate a proton gradient in the mitochondria which is used by the ATP synthase to produce 28 ATP out of the total 32 as a total of each glucose oxidation.  

G) The photosystems in the thylacoid membrane produce the highest number of ATPs in the plant and is known as the Light reaction. This also similar to the oxidative phosphorylation as it follows similar steps. The mechanism of photophosphorylation not only transfers the electrons for PS I and PSIi but also is responsible for ATP production. 6 turns of non cyclic photophosphorylation will produce 12 NADPH2 and 6 ATP molecules. And cyclic photophosphorylation will produce 12 ATP molecules.

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