Please explain all three why they are either true or false:
For any cryptosystem, we have H( P|C ) ≤ H (P). True/False
A cryptosystem has perfect secrecy if p[x|y] = p[x] for each x in P and y in C. True/False
One-time Pad has perfect secrecy if each possible key is used in only one encryption. True/False
Please explain all three why they are either true or false: For any cryptosystem, we have...
Exhibit, by means of a table, a cryptosystem which satisfies the three properties (mentioned below) of one-time pads but does not have perfect secrecy. Properties of one-time pads are, 1. The number of possible keys is greater than or equal to the number of possible plaintexts. 2. The key is selected uniformly at random from the key space. 3. A key should only be used ‘once’.
Explain why each of the following three statements is either true or false. 4. The following two policies utility to the same specified level: a subsidy equal to a fixed fraction of wage income; or a subsidy equal to a fixed (unconditional) amount. equally costly methods for raising an individual's are A. import tax and an import subsidy an For a small country with perfect competition, B.A have opposite effects on the total gains from exchange. For a firm owned...
True or False With explanation please. 1- True or false: a. If A is an event of a sample space with P(A)-P(AS), then P(A)-0.5 b. Under certain conditions, it is possible that the sum of the probabilities of all the sample points in a sample space is less than one P(A or B)-P(A)+P(B) P(A and B) P(A).P(B) by its own probability and then adding all the products together; that is P deviation of σ. If x is converted to the...
True or false, if false explain why. In any closed system with P-V work only, G is always minimized at equilibrium.
1.1 Let S = {01, 10, 11}. Note that S is a set of 2-bit strings with string 00 missing. Consider the following three One-Time Pad (OTP) variants. For each of these OTP variants state whether the resulting cipher is perfectly secure or not, and prove your answer. In other words, if your answer is “yes”, prove that the cipher passes Shannon’s perfect secrecy criterion, and if your answer is “no” then show that the cipher fails this criterion. In...
For each of the following statements, determine whether it is true or false and explain why: (a) If ?(?) = ?(?) ∗ h(?), then ?(? − 1) = ?(? − 1) ∗ h(? − 1). (b) If y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t), then y(−t) = x(−t) ∗ h(−t). (c)If x(t)=0 for t >T1 and h(?)=0 for ? >?2 , then ?(?)∗h(?)=0 for ? > ?1 + ?2
(A) True or False, and explain! (30%) 1. It is impossible to explain why workers have the same productivity have different wage in a frictionless labor market. 2. If a person decreases working hour when his or her wage increase, we know that there is no substitution effect. 3. If a labor market has only one buyer of labor, we called it a monopolist. 4. The reservation wage of an unemployed worker is usually zero. 5. A wage increase would...
Determine whether the statement is true or false. If false, explain why or give a counterexample that shows it is false. (2 pts each) b. If f(x,y) S g(x, y) for all (x, y) in , and both f and g are continuous over 2, then c. If f is continuous over 2 and 22, and if JJ, dA- jJa,dA, then f(x.y) dA- Jf(x.y) dA for any function fx,y). Determine whether the statement is true or false. If false, explain...
Explain why the following is true: If preferences are homothetic, then both goods are normal. Explain why the following is false: If both goods are normal, then preferences are homothetic. True or False: For U(X, Y) and the income offer curve is either a vertical line or horizontal line not out of the origin, then the Engels curve for one of the goods will be vertical line not out of the origin. Explain why the following is true: If the...
Mark the statement true or false. If you believe that the statement is false, briefly explain why you think it is false If VIF(X2) = 1, then we can be sure that collinearity has not inflated the standard error of the estimated partial slope for X, Choose the correct answer below. O A. False. Only NIF(X) = 0 can we be sure that collinearity has not inflated the standard error of the estimated partial slope for X, OB. False. Only...