Question

SARAWA D) i Sketch a labelled diagram which explain how Auxin affects phototropism towards plant shoot. (5marks) ii)Explain with the aid of diagram the osmoregulation of fish in hyperosmotic condition. (5marks) lii)Illustrate the labelled structure of mammalian respiratory system. (5marks) iv)Illustrate the mechanism of autocrine and paracrine signaling. (Smarks) v)lllustrate with a labelled diagram the sarcome structure structure during relaxation structure during relaxation and contraction. (Smarks) vi)Illustrate two (2) types of meristematic tissues in plants. (5 marks) Viillustrate the cross-section of three (3) types of ground tissue. (5 marks) I

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Answer 1

1. Auxin moves to the shaded area of the plant that cause cells grow larger than lighter side of the plants this produce a curving of the plant shoot toward the light and this plant movement known as phototropism.

auxin molecules cell elongation

2.

(a) Osmoregulation in a marine fish Gain of water Excretion Osmotic water and salt ions of salt ions loss through gills from food from gills and other parts of body surface Кеу Gain of water and salt ions from drinking seawater Excretion of salt ions and small amounts of water in scanty urine from kidneys Water Salt

When salt concetration is higher in water then solution is Hyperosmotic solution so marine water is a example of hyperosmotic solution.Fish is excrete out salt ion and water through gills and body surface.

3.

Nasal cavity Pharynx Primary bronchus Secondary bronchus Tertiary bronchus Bronchiole Larynx Trachea Terminal bronchiole Diaphragm Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Alveolar duct Capillary Alveolus O2 CO2 Alveolar sac

Respiratory system is made up from conducting part(Trachea,Bonchus and Bronchi) and respiratory part(Alveoli).

Alveoli is the site of gases exchanges.Inhalation of oxygen from environment through nostrils to conducting part and lungs and exhalation of CO2 from lungs to environment.This process is called Respiration.Inhale O2 to the blood from alveoli and waste CO2 from blood capillaries to the alveoli and excret out from conducting part of the respirtory system.

4.

Paracrine A cell targets a nearby cell. Signaling cell Target cell Autocrine A cell targets itself.

As shown in above diagrame in Autocrine signaling cell secrete a hormone binds to the receptor of the same cell and in paracrine signaling,hormone acts on nearby cells.

5.In sarcomere contraction H zone becomes smaller and smaller due to the increasing overlap of actin and myosin filaments and muscle shortens.In relaxation,return of the muscles fibers to their low tension-generating state and muscles length will be longer.

A-band l-band H-band l-band СарZ Selasa Titin Z-line Myosin head Relaxed Myosin tail Contracted Actin filament 900 M-line

6.Apical meristem is found in tip part of the shoot and root .Its function is to trigger the growth of new seedlings.

MERISTEMATIC TISSUE BBYJU'S The Learning App -Apical meristem Intercalary meristem Lateral meristem

Lateral meristem increase the diameter of the organ and it is located on the lateral side of the stem and root.

7.

THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF PLANT TISSUE intracellular spaces cell walls with lignin stone cell cell walls lumen fiber b a a b Collenchyma Tissue b Parenchyma Tissue a lengthwise b cross section Sclerenchyma Tissue

Parenchyma function is storage andregeneration

Collenchyma -provide flexible suppot and it has living property found beneath the epidermis

Sclerenchym-It is non living.Provide structural support.For example fibers in wood.