Question

I need help with these two question plz.

Draw a large Plant Cell (need to draw large b/c of what you need to label in the chloroplast-see below). Include and label the following 9 structures (the shapes you draw should be reflective of their true structure): • wall • Golgi • plasma membrane • central vacuole • nucleus • 1 mitochondrion • RER • 1 chloroplast • SER I THEN- Inside of the chloroplast, label the following structures and/or locations where key reactions occur: • Stroma • Thylakoids • Where H+ are in high concentration Granum • Where the Calvin Cycle reactions occur Thylakoid lumen • Where Photosystems are located . .

Answer 1

Q1) Typical plant cell structure with labelling

Go Lal APPARATUS EXCELLIN CELLWWL > PLASMA MEMBRANE Y CENTRAL VACUOLE CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIA • ROUGHE.R. ROCLEUS NUCLEOLUS Y SMOOTH ER Q1 STRUCTURE OF PLANT CELL At High in concentration CINSIDE OF THYLAKOD) THYLAKOID LUMEN STRONAL LAMELLAE PHOTOS YSTER POUR THYLA KOD MENSRANE OUTER NENSCANE INNER MENBRANE STRONA (CALON CYCLE TAKES PLACE uces) THYLAROID (SNGLE ONE) GRADUN (STACK OF THYLAKOID) STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST

Q1) Plant cell structure-

These are the eukaryotic cells having nucleus, typical feature of the plant cells are they have a cell wall, a large central vacuole and chloroplasts which help in photosynthesis.

Cell wall is a rigid layer made up of cellulose, glycoprotein, lignin, pectin and hemicellulose and is found outside cell or plasma membrane. It gives protection and structural support to the cell. Plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane, which regulates the entry and exit of substances, nucleus is membrane bound with a nucleolus. Chloroplasts are elongated disc shaped organelles which help in photosynthesis. Central vacuole occupies 30% of the cell, it helps in storage and in maintaining turgidity of cell. Golgi apparatus found which helps in transporting synthesized macromolecules inside cell. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to them called rough endoplasmic reticulum, they help in the process of protein synthesis endoplasmic reticulum which are not attached with ribosome are called smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are found and are called the power house of the cell, they provide energy,

Q2) Structure of chloroplast with labelling and locations of functions as below

Ht Hignin Corunirotin INSIDE OF THYLAKOD) THYLAKOID LUMEN STRONAL LANELLAE (perSEEKED THYLAROID HENBEANE OUTER NENBLAJE INJER HENBRANJE MO STRONA (CALVIN CYCLE TAKES PLACE HERE) GRAUM THYLAKOID (SHIGLE ONE) (STACK OF THYLAKOID) STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST

JOUTER MEN BRANE DNNER NENBRANE THYLAROID LUNENC H Highio concepiration (CALVIN CYCLE STRONA TAREI PLACE) NENBRANE THYLAKOD PS-I Fowels ( ExposED THYLAKON) NENBRAND *Ps-D FOUND ( JOINED PART OF THYLAK OD NEN BRAVE cu GRANU X SHROMAL LANELLA THYLAKOID STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLALT

Q2) Structure of chloroplast:- These are the double layered structures having one outer membrane and an inner membrane. Inside the chloroplast there are piles of thylakoids called granum and the fluid structure found inside the chloroplast is called Stroma, where Calvin cycle takes place. Thylakoids have membranes where the photosystems are found, in the exposed part of thylakoid photosystem-1 is present and in the inter-membranous part or the jointed part between two thylakoids is present the photosystem-II. Inside the thylakoid lumen the concentration of H+ ion is more, due to this pH of lumen decreases, it occurs due to build-up of a proton pump or gradient and H+ concentration of stroma is less. A pile of thylakoid discs are called granum.