Question

Match the description to each signaling category.

autocrine

      [ Choose ]            signals to self-stimulate the cell            blood-born signal            signals to a closely neighboring cell            cells are physically connected      

paracrine

      [ Choose ]            signals to self-stimulate the cell            blood-born signal            signals to a closely neighboring cell            cells are physically connected      

cell to cell contact

      [ Choose ]            signals to self-stimulate the cell            blood-born signal            signals to a closely neighboring cell            cells are physically connected      

endocrine

      [ Choose ]            signals to self-stimulate the cell            blood-born signal            signals to a closely neighboring cell            cells are physically connected      

Answer 1

Auto crine : signals to self stimulate the cells

Paracrine: signals to a closely neighboring cells.

Cell to cell contact : cells are physically contacted

Endocrines: blood born signals

Autocrine : In the autocrine signaling process, molecules act on the same cells that produce them. Autocrine signals include extracellular matrix molecules and various factors that stimulate cell growth.

An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.

Paracrine : In paracrine signaling, they act on nearby cells. Autocrine signals include extracellular matrix molecules and various factors that stimulate cell growth. An example of paracrine signals is the chemical transmitted from nerve to muscle that causes the muscle to contract. In this instance, the muscle cells.

Cell to cell contact : Some cell–cell communication requires direct cell–cell contact. Some cells can form gap junctions that connect their cytoplasm to the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.Many cell signals are carried by molecules that are released by one cell and move to make contact with another cell. Endocrine signals are called hormones.Gap junctions in animals and plasmodesmata in plants are tiny channels that directly connect neighboring cells. These water-filled channels allow small signaling molecules, called intracellular mediators, to diffuse between the two cells. Small molecules, such as calcium ions Ca²⁺are able to move between cells, but large molecules like proteins and DNA cannot fit through the channels without special assistance.

The transfer of signaling molecules transmits the current state of one cell to its neighbor. This allows a group of cells to coordinate their response to a signal that only one of them may have received. In plants, there are plasmodesmata between almost all cells, making the entire plant into one giant network.

Endocrine : Secretory cells that produce signalling molecules are called endocrine cells, and are often found in specialized endocrine organs. Blood-borne signalling molecules were the first to be discovered and are collectively known as hormones, though they are chemically very diverse. endocrine signaling occurs when endocrine cells release hormones that act on distant target cells in the body. Endocrine signaling can be distinguished from two other types of signaling: neural signaling and paracrine signaling.In endocrine signaling, the signaling molecules (hormones) are secreted by specialized endocrine cells and carried through the circulation to act on target cells at distant body sites.One important example of such autocrine signaling is the response of cells of the vertebrate immune system to foreign antigens.