Question

Exercise: Phylogenetics Terms and Definitions Instruction: Match the terms to their descriptions. Connect each term on the left-hand side to their corresponding description on the right-hand side. Parsimony Refers to a taxon, or a branch of a phylogenetic tree or gene tree, that includes all the species (or genes) that descended from a common ancestor. Cf. paraphyletic, polyphyletic Molecular clock A diagram representing the evolutionary relationships among named groups of organisms, i.e., their history of descent from common ancestors. Outgroup A taxon that diverged from a group of other taxa (the ingroup) before they diverged from one another. Homology Possession by two or more species of a character state derived, with or without modification, from their common ancestor. Homologous chromosomes are those members of a chromosome complement that bear the same genes. Phylogenetic tree The concept of a steady rate of change in DNA sequences over time, providing a basis for dating the time of divergence of lineages if the rate of change can be estimated. Monophyletic Economy in the use of means to an end (Webster?s New Collegiate Dictionary); the principle of accounting for observations by that hypothesis requiring the fewest or simplest assumptions that lack evidence; in systematics, the principle of invoking the minimal number of evolutionary changes to infer phylogenetic relationships.

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Exercise: Phylogenetics Terms and Definitions Instruction: Match the terms to their descriptions. Connect each term on the left-hand side to their corresponding description on the right-hand side. Monophyletic Refers to a taxon, or a branch of a phylogenetic tree or gene tree, that includes all the species (or genes) that descended from a common ancestor. Cf. paraphyletic, polyphyletic Phylogenetic tree A diagram representing the evolutionary relationships among named groups of organisms, i.e., their history of descent from common ancestors. Outgroup A taxon that diverged from a group of other taxa (the ingroup) before they diverged from one another. Homology Possession by two or more species of a character state derived, with or without modification, from their common ancestor. Homologous chromosomes are those members of a chromosome complement that bear the same genes. Molecular clock The concept of a steady rate of change in DNA sequences over time, providing a basis for dating the time of divergence of lineages if the rate of change can be estimated. Parsimony Economy in the use of means to an end (Webster?s New Collegiate Dictionary); the principle of accounting for observations by that hypothesis requiring the fewest or simplest assumptions that lack evidence; in systematics, the principle of invoking the minimal number of evolutionary changes to infer phylogenetic relationships.