Question

To submit this assignment, students will complete the Lab Worksheet on pages 11-19, then upload their completed document as a DOC or PDF file in Canvas Table 5: Black Forest Natural Selection Simulation (Predators) Predators Generation Forks Knives Spoons Total Number 1 Starting number 2 2 2 6 Number surviving Eliminate the three least 1 0 2 3 successful feeders 2 2 0 4 6 Starting number # surviving in previous generation multiplied by 2 Number surviving Eliminate the three least successful feeders 0 0 3 3 0 0 6 6 Starting number # surviving in previous generation multiplied by 2 Number survived at end of Generation 3 Eliminate the bottom three feeders 0 0 3 3 Table 6: Black Forest Natural Selection Simulation (Prey) Pom Poms Black Red White Generation Number Total Starting number Number Eaten Number remaining # at start - #eaten 50 12 50 34 50 32 150 78 72 38 16 18 2 76 32 36 144 Starting number #remaining in previous generation multiplied by 2 Number eaten Number remaining # at start - #eaten 30 31 36 95 46 1 0 47 3 92 2 0 92 Starting number # remaining in previous generation multiplied by 2 Number eaten Number remaining # at start - #eaten 50 0 52 NN 42 0 42 BIO 101 Lab 10: Human Evolution and Natural Selection Simulations 15

Answer 1

7.- Let us graph both the prey and the predator in one single graph so we can better visualize the whole thing, but we are going to graph frequencies instead of just the plain numbers. Let us calculate the frequencies for each phenotype in each generation, this is the excel table first registering the plain numbers and then calculating the frequencies.

Generation	Fork predator	Knive predator	Spoon predator	Black prey	Red prey	White prey	Fork predator frequency	Knive predator frequency	Spoon predator frequency	Black prey frequency	Red prey frequency	White prey frequency
1	1	0	2	38	16	18	0.33333333	0	0.66666667	0.52777778	0.22222222	0.25
2	0	0	3	46	1	0	0	0	1	0.9787234	0.0212766	0
3	0	0	3	42	2	0	0	0	1	0.95454545	0.04545455	0

The frequency plot is:

Phenotype changes across time in Pom pm populations in Black forests 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 Phenotype frequency 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 2.5 3 3.5 -0.2 1.5 2 Generations -Fork predator frequency Spoon predator frequency Red prey frequency -Knive predator frequency Black prey frequency White prey frequency

You can clearly visulize how one single phenotype in each population is favored and increases across time, while the other two phenotypes in each population decrease until reaching 0 or almost 0

8.- Again but now for different data:

Generation	Fork predator	Knive predator	Spoon predator	Black prey	Red prey	White prey	Fork predator frequency	Knive predator frequency	Spoon predator frequency	Black prey frequency	Red prey frequency	White prey frequency
1	1	0	2	10	26	32	0.33333333	0	0.66666667	0.14705882	0.38235294	0.47058824
2	0	0	3	0	6	32	0	0	1	0	0.15789474	0.84210526
3	0	0	3	0	0	28	0	0	1	0	0	1

The frequencies plot is:

Phenotype changes across time in Pom pm populations in White grasslands 1.2 1 00 0.6 Phenotype frequency 0.4 0.2 0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 -0.2 Generation -Fork predator frequency -Spoon predator frequency Red prey frequency -Knive predator frequency Black prey frequency White prey frequency

You can clearly visulize how one single phenotype in each population is favored and increases across time, while the other two phenotypes in each population decrease until reaching 0

9.- a) Yes, the color of the environment varied the selective pressure in the population, it favored different phenotypes in each different environment

b) No, the selective pressure applied that led to phenotype frequency variations has nothing to do with these 2 different environments, it was actually a response to effectiveness in hunting

10.- a) The predator population would stay just the same, with only Spoon phenotype. The prey population might lose its red phenotype after 25 generations

b) Well if that happened in 10 years, and if there is still any White allele still surviving then it would be favored and the frequency of White pom poms would increase. But the most probable scenario is that the White alleles will be already lost by then since only 2 red individuals are left in generation 3